Column 1
A person who believes that loyalty is owed to “the state” no matter what. They believe that citizens have a duty to obey the law and that they tacitly consent to the government by remaining in the community. Example: Socrates
A person who is skeptical of the motives of government and those in power. They consent to be governed because they are afraid of being punished by force. Example: Thrasymachus
A state of freedom from “the state.” Consent to be governed comes only by voluntary means of cooperation. Example: Peter Kropotkin
A person who believes that being a citizen involves active participation. They believe that people have a duty to obey just laws and to disobey, and work to change, unjust laws. Example: Martin Luther King Jr.
A game theory simulation where the participants act out a hypothetical situation of whether or not they should confess to a crime that they committed with another person. This activity tests whether or not people are willing to cooperate or are just self-interested.
A person whose involvement in civic life is motivated by obligation to the government. As Dalton says, they usually obey the law, pay their taxes, vote in elections, serve on juries, are willing to serve in the armed forces, have strong beliefs about personal responsibility, believe in limited government, and are Republican. They are also usually older and less educated than engaged citizens. For many duty-based citizens their formative experiences were the Great Depression and the World Wars.
Allowing someone the same freedom of expression, regardless of its content, that you would like to be afforded.
A person who is active in civic life because they want to bring about change. As Dalton says, they are usually skeptical of government, active in groups and associations, empathetic, less likely to vote in elections, and see a role for government to be active in improving people’s lives. They are more likely to protest, engage in product boycotts, be younger, have higher levels of education, question authority, and be Democrats. For many engaged citizens their formative experiences were the Vietnam War, the Civil Rights movement, and more recent experiences.
A willingness to follow rules and orders.
People seek out and remember information that fit with their worldview, while avoiding and ignoring information that conflicts with their worldview.
When a person is presented with evidence that is in conflict with other information and/or their previous beliefs. This puts the brain into stress and causes confusion about what a person should believe.
A system of ideas and ideals, especially ones which form the basis of political theory and policy.
Interpreting information and events based on what the party, or group, you affiliate with believes instead of using impartial critical reasoning.
A form of manipulation intended to sow seeds of doubt in an individual or in members of a specific group, to make them question their own memory, perception, and sanity. The term comes from a 1944 movie.
The unwritten rules and conventions that shape political behavior. They are not legally enforceable, but are usually followed.
Any forum for communication in which all members agree with everyone else.
Connection and interaction with people and groups who are similar to you. A homogeneous mixture of people.
Through the use of internet algorithms, that sort information to provide you with information that you are interested in, you only see stories and information that fits your ideology and worldview.
Connection and interaction with people and groups who are different from you in some way. A heterogeneous mixture of people.
Biased presentation or use of factual information, usually for partisan or ideological reasons.
Mutual trust and exchange of things for the benefit of all parties involved.
A person who does NOT believe in social regulation (John Stuart Mill), but does believe in economic regulation (Garrett Hardin).
A person who does NOT believe in social regulation (John Stuart Mill) or economic regulation (Adam Smith).
A person who believes in social regulation (Amitai Etzioni) and economic regulation (Garrett Hardin).
A person who believes in social regulation (Amitai Etzioni), but NOT economic regulation (Adam Smith).