Growth and Development Infant-Preschool
What cognitive and psychosocial development stage are infants in ?
Define:
Object permanence
Mental Representation
Sensorimotor and Trust vs mistrust
Object permanence- knowing something is still there even if out of sight
Mental Representation- ability to form internal images and symbols about things
(SATA) A nurse is educating parents about lice (pediculosis capitis). Which instructions should be included?
✅ Correct Answers: A, B, D
The nurse is performing a physical assessment on her patient with Down Syndrome. Which
of the following findings would she find in this patient? (Select all that apply)
a. Small, rounded skull with flat occipital bone
b. Large protruding ears
c. Inner epicanthal folds with upward, outward, slant of the eyes
d. Small nose with flat bridge
e. Large tongue; may be protruding
f. Small, low set ears
g. Short neck; short, broad hands and feet
h. Delayed eruption of teeth
i. Spasticity
j. Short stature, stocky build
k. Long face with prominent jawline
l. Poor muscle tone
m. Protruding abdomen
n. Dry, cracking skin
Everything except B,I, and K
Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention for a child experiencing a vaso-occlusive crisis due to sickle cell anemia?
a) Administering oxygen therapy
b) Applying ice packs to affected joints
c) Encouraging high-calorie meals
d) Providing IV fluids and pain management
D) Providing IV fluids and pain management ✅
A nurse is admitting a child who has leukemia. Which of the following clients should the nurse place in the same room with this child?
A. A child who has nephrotic syndrome
B. A child recovering from a ruptured appendix
C. A child who has rheumatic fever
D. A child who has cystic fibrosis
A. A child you has nephrotic syndrome
Rationale: A child who has leukemia is at risk for infection, nephrotic syndrome is not an infectious disorder poses no risk to a child who has leukemia
A ruptured appendix, rheumatic fever, and cystic fibrosis all can be infectious
What are some safety and injury issues in infants ?
*Hint: there is 7
Sleep
Choking
Drowning
Poisoning
Motor Vehicle
Falls
Burns
What therapeutic management is expected with parotitis (mumps) ? SATA
A. IV fluids PRN
B. Analgesics
C. Maintain isolation during time of communicability
D.Antipyretics
E. Implement droplet and contact precautions
F. Encourage Rest
All of them
A,B,C,D,E,F
List 5 common sources of accidental injury in pediatric clients
Automobile accidents,
pedestrian accidents, sports injuries, bicycle injuries, and firearms.
Which of the following is an expected finding in a child with lead poisoning?
a) Hyperactivity and increased appetite
b) Excessive bleeding and prolonged clotting times
c) Developmental delays and learning difficulties
d) Weight gain and improved growth rate
C) Developmental delays and learning difficulties ✅
A parent asks how leukemia is diagnosed in children. What is the nurse’s best response?
A) “A urine test is the most common way to detect leukemia.”
B) “A bone marrow biopsy confirms the diagnosis.”
C) “A chest X-ray is used to diagnose leukemia.”
D) “An MRI scan is needed to detect leukemia.”
"A bone marrow biopsy confirms the diagnosis."
Rationale: A bone marrow biopsy is the definitive test for leukemia, confirming the presence of malignant cells in the bone marrow.
1. Which of the following developmental stages include egocentrism?
2. Which stage includes magical thinking?
1. Toddlers and Preschool
2. Preschool
A child with measles (rubeola) is placed on which type of isolation precaution? SATA
A. Contact precautions
B. Droplet precautions
C. Airborne precautions
D. Standard precautions
B and C Airborne precautions and Droplet
Explanation:
Measles (rubeola) is highly contagious and spreads through airborne transmission, meaning the virus can remain in the air for up to 2 hours after an infected person leaves the room.
What assessment findings might we see in clients experiencing acetaminophen toxicity?
What do we give to clients who are experiencing acetaminophen toxicity? (the antidote)
Nausea/vomiting
RUQ pain
Jaundice and bleeding
Antidote: Acetylcysteine
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a child with hemophilia A. Which of the following should the nurse expect?
a) Decreased platelet count
b) Prolonged prothrombin time (PT)
c) Increased aPTT
d) Decreased fibrinogen level
C) Increased aPTT ✅
A nurse is educating the parents of a child with Ewing sarcoma about potential side effects of chemotherapy. Which statement indicates the parents understand the teaching?
A) “We should expect our child’s appetite to increase.”
B) “Our child may experience a weakened immune system.”
C) “We should be concerned if our child’s hair starts falling out.”
D) “Our child will not experience nausea or vomiting.”
Correct Answer: B
✔ Chemotherapy weakens the immune system, increasing infection risk.
1. Explain the preoperational stage in toddlers?
2. Define ritualism
1.
2. routine and expecting things to happen b/c it brings comfort
(SATA) The nurse is assessing a child with hand, foot, and mouth disease. Which symptoms are expected?
(SATA) The nurse is assessing a child with hand, foot, and mouth disease. Which symptoms are expected?
✅ Correct Answers: A, B, E
Which of the following findings might be observed when the child has a medical diagnosis of
Intellectual Disability?
A. The result of IQ testing in a school-age child is 95.
B. 5-year-old is unable to play Monopoly board game with his brothers.
C. The IQ of a child dropped from 110 to 90 because of a brain injury.
D. A Toddler with a musculoskeletal disease not meeting their motor milestones.
E. A school-age child who engages in parallel play activities rather than
cooperative play with peers of the same age.
F. Teen-age children are unable to independently perform activities of daily
living.
Correct Answer: E and F
A.: IQ would need to be below 70-75.
B.: A 5-year-old would not be able to play Monopoly.
C: An IQ of 90 does not qualify as part of criteria for intellectual disability.
D. : IQ and adaptive
behaviors may be within normal limits with a musculoskeletal disease.
E: This is a significant delay; parallel
play would be expected with infants and toddlers.
F.: This is a significant delay; independence is expected
A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old with hemophilia B. Which interventions should be included in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
a) Administer factor IX replacement therapy as prescribed.
b) Encourage active participation in contact sports to promote muscle strength.
c) Use a soft toothbrush for oral hygiene.
d) Apply pressure for at least 5 minutes after injections.
e) Provide aspirin for mild pain relief.
A, C, D ✅ (B and E are incorrect)
Which symptom would the nurse expect in a child with Hodgkin lymphoma?
A) Painful, swollen lymph nodes
B) Painless, firm cervical lymphadenopathy
C) Frequent urination and excessive thirst
D) Sudden weight gain and facial swelling
Correct Answer: B
✔ Painless, firm cervical lymphadenopathy is a hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma.
1. Explain initiative vs guilt and which age falls into this? How can we incorporate this into our care?
2. What type of play does this group engage in?
1. Allowing them to take control and decide how things go; will feel unaccomplished and guilty if it doesn't go the way they want it to. Preschoolers
Allowing them choices, acting like they are teaching us something
2. Cooperative Play
A nurse is assessing a child with a maculopapular rash that started on the face and spread downward. The child also has a mild fever and swollen posterior auricular lymph nodes. Which disease is most likely?
A) Roseola
B) Rubella
C) Rubeola
D) Scarlet fever
Your answer: B) Rubella
Correct answer: B) Rubella
Explanation: Rubella is characterized by a mild fever, rash starting on the face and spreading downward, and swollen posterior auricular lymph nodes.
A nurse is assessing a child and notes several bruises. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Obtain a detailed history
B. Report the findings to the provider
C. Ask a psychiatrist to talk with the parents
D. Separate the child from the parents
A. Obtain a detailed history-- the nurse should obtain more details in order to assess for other indicators of abuse
B,C,D are wrong because determining abuse requires more than one indicator
What are three manifestations of thalassemia?
Increased hemolysis
Increased erythroid activity
Excess iron in blood
A nurse is caring for a child with Ewing sarcoma who is scheduled for a limb-salvage surgery. Which statement by the parent indicates understanding?
A) “My child will have a permanent cast after surgery.”
B) “This surgery aims to remove the tumor while saving the limb.”
C) “My child will not need physical therapy after surgery.”
D) “My child will need to avoid all physical activity permanently.”
Correct Answer: "This surgery aims to remove the tumor while saving the limb."
Rationale: Limb-salvage surgery is a procedure used in Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma to remove the cancerous tumor while preserving as much of the limb as possible. The goal is to maintain function and appearance, followed by rehabilitation and physical therapy. Unlike amputation, this approach allows the child to regain mobility with proper recovery and therapy.