upshur readings 1
Famous works by Leonardo da Vinci?
The Last Supper and Mona Lisa ("Renaissance Art in Italy")
"34. Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband's) absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them (first), (Next), refuse to share their beds, (And last) beat them (lightly); but if they return to obedience, seek not against them Means (of annoyance): For Allah is Most High, great (above you all)."
passage from the Qur'an about women
What does the hajj commemorate?
Muhammed's last pilgrimage to Mecca and it centers around the Ka'bah. ("Muhammed: A Religious & Political Leader")
"footbinding was the act of wrapping a three to five year old girl's feet with binding so as to bend the toes under, break the bones and force the back of the foot together. it's purpose was to produce a tiny foot, the "golden lotus" which was three inches long and thought to be both lovely and alluring."
"One Thousand Years of Chinese Footbinding"
Famous works by Michelangelo?
Painting the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel ("Renaissance Art in Italy")
What was the "Way of Worship" that developed in Gupta, India?"
Ways of life for the ordinary Hindu. (“Religious Developments: Hinduism and Buddhism”)
"They brought before me a knight in whose leg an abscess had grown...Then the physician laid the leg of the patient on a block of wood and bade the knight strike his leg with the ax and chop it off at one blow...He dealt another blow, upon which the marrow of the leg flowed out and the patient died on the spot."
"A Muslim's View of Crusades" Usmah Ibn Munqidh: Autobiography
How many Africans were forcibly taken to the Americas?
10-15 million ("The Slave Trade")
"They established the House of Wisdom, a sort of ninth
century academy of science, and started to gather together scholarly manuscripts in Greek and Sanskrit,
together with scholars who could read and understand them."
What kind of labor were the slaves forced to do in the Americas?
Agricultural work on cotton, tobacco, sugar plantations and work in copper/silver mines. ("The Slave Trade")
Who were "ulema?"
Muslim theologians and legal experts who interpreted/explained Islamic canons. ("Muhammed: A Religious and Political Leader")
"84. Then fight in Allah.s cause - Thou art held responsible only for thyself - and rouse the believers. It may be that Allah will restrain the fury of the Unbelievers; for Allah is the strongest in might and in punishment."
passage from the Qur'an about jihad
What was the purpose of the Qur'an, Hadith, and Shari'a?
To provide guidelines for the conduct of Muslims. ("Muhammed: A Religious and Political Leader")
"The intentions of the carious men were different. Some, indeed, lusted after novelties and went in order to learn about new lands. Others there were who were driven by poverty, who were in hard straits at home; these men went to fight, not only against the enemies of Christ's cross, but even against the friends of the Christian name, wherever opportunity appeared, in order to relieve their poverty."
"A Hostile View of the Crusades"
What was the "Way of the Works?"
Taught that all persons were born and reared in their respective castes and must follow caste rules. (“Religious Developments: Hinduism and Buddhism”)
Factors driving European imperialism?
Desire for profit, gain control over high-priced commodities, religious zeal, lure of adventure, national rivalry. ("European Imperialism")
" Many translations began with the phrase "dixit Algorismi" ("so says Al-Khwarizmi"), a practice that led to the adoption in medieval times of the term algorism to refer to the process of computing with the Hindu-Arabic numerals. Our modern word "algorithm" is an obvious derivation from that term."
"The Mathematical Legacy of Islam."
What was the source for the names of "Korea" and "Vietnam?"
Korea: the Karyo Dynasty
Vietnam: Red River Region
("Korea" and "Vietnam")
"As soon as they can read the "Ssee chu," the four books which contain the doctrine of Confucius and Mencius, they are not suffered to read any other until they have got these by heart without missing a letter; and what is more difficult and less pleasing is that they must learn these books understanding almost nothing of them, it being the custom not to explain to them the sense of the characters >till they know them perfectly. At the same time that they learn these letters, they teach them to use the pencil."
Chinese Education System
What's the Ka'bah?
a Cube shaped shrine ("Muhammed: A Religious and Political Leader")
What role did Joan of Arc play in the Hundred Years' War?
She relieved the city of Orleans and cut a path for Charles VII to Rheims (where he was crowned). ("Centralization of Western European Monarchies")
""All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins. This I grant them through the power of God with which I am invested. O what a disgrace if such a despised and base race, which worships demons, should conquer a people which has the faith of omnipotent God and is made glorious with the name of Christ! With what reproaches will the Lord overwhelm us if you do not aid those who, with us, profess the Christian religion!"
Urban II, Speech at Council of Clermont
What was the Hundred Years' War?
It was a struggle between the English and French over feudal claims and commercial competition. ("Centralization of Western European Monarchies")
"The concept of magnificentia was central to renaissance thinking; conspicuous expenditure on magnanimous gestures, including the patronage of art and scholarship, was evidence of virtue, of a greatness of soul. Those who held or aspired authority could justify their claims by just such an expenditure and competitive consumption came to be the order of the day, as each sought to demonstrate that his cultural credentials were of the highest order."
"Looking at the Renaissance"
What factors led to the recovery of the monarchy in Western Europe?