Chapter 12
A number of successful psychosocial interventions designed to modify high-risk sexual behaviors derive from _____ theory, which emphasizes reciprocally determined relationships among environmental events, internal processes, and behavior.
What is social-cognitive.
A likely reason people who have lost weight often struggle to keep the weight off is that their _____ levels have dropped.
What is leptin.
The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called:
What is withdrawal.
Which disorder is characterized by a reduction of oxygen to the heart, crushing chest pain, and difficulty in breathing, but no loss of consciousness or damage to the myocardium?
What is angina pectoris.
Cancers that attack the blood and bone marrow are classified as:
What are leukemias.
cART stands for:
What is combination antiretroviral therapy.
The disorder in which one experiences body image dissatisfaction with an excessive desire to develop a more muscular build is known as:
What is muscle dysphoria.
Drugs, pollutants, and other substances that cross the placental barrier and damage the developing person are called:
What are teratogens.
The lifestyle modifications required to keep diabetes under control essentially involve:
What is self-management.
More than 90% of all skin cancers are attributable to exposure from which source?
What is ultraviolet B radiation.
During stage 4, the final stage of HIV/AIDS, the number of _____ cells drops dangerously low.
What is CD4 (T).
Bianca, who is 22 years old, is slightly overweight and loves to eat, particularly junk food and high-calorie desserts. Fearful of gaining weight, Bianca often takes a laxative following an episode of binge eating. Bianca seems to be suffering from:
What is bulimia nervosa.
Which structures become affected in young adults who use marijuana at least once a week?
What are the nucleus accumbens and the amygdala.
Hypoglycemia describes a condition of:
What is having too little glucose in the blood.
_____ is the tendency to think that one will have more positive experiences than others do.
What is comparative optimism.
By which year does the United Nations aim to reach zero new HIV infections, zero HIV-related deaths, and zero discrimination related to HIV?
What is 2030.
Those MOST vulnerable to eating disorders are those who _____ value thinness and have the _____ body image satisfaction.
What are most and lowest.
Within seven seconds of someone taking a puff from a cigarette, the nicotine causes the person’s brain to release neurotransmitters that calm craving, reduce anxiety, and alleviate insomnia. These effects are examples of:
What is negative reinforcement.
When a clot blocks the flow of blood to an area of the brain, [ ] results.
What is ischemic stroke.
White American women are _____ likely to develop breast cancer than African American women and _____ likely to die of the disease.
What are more and less.
The STI caused by a parasite is:
What is trichomoniasis.
Approximately what percent of their total caloric intake do kids consume at school?
What is 35%-50%.
The counseling treatment that focuses on increasing a person’s engagement in valued life activities through guided goal setting is:
What is behavioral activation.
Of patients hospitalized for an acute myocardial infarction (MI), how many experience significant stress, anxiety, depression, or hostility afterward?
What is about 1 in 3.
Regarding heredity and cancer, it is estimated that _____ of all cancers are inherited.
What is 5%-10%.