Theories & Theorists
What is the difference between longitudinal and cross-sectional research designs?
What is Longitudinal = same group over time; Cross-sectional = different groups at one time)
Which theorist developed the four stages of cognitive development?
Who is Piaget?
Who proposed the psychosocial theory of development with eight stages across the life span?
Who is Erikson?
What is the term for the biological changes during adolescence that lead to reproductive maturity?
What is Puberty?
The term for the age-related decline in physical functioning.
What is Senescence?
What is a cohort?
What is A Group of People Born Around the Same Time?
The term for a child’s understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.
What is Object Permanence?
The term for a child’s emotional bond to a caregiver.
What is Attachment?
What brain region, responsible for decision-making and impulse control, matures last in adolescents?
What is the Prefrontal Cortex?
Which memory type tends to decline first in late adulthood: episodic or semantic?
What is Episodic?
What term refers to the idea that development results from an ongoing interaction between biology and environment?
What is Epigenetics?
In Vygotsky’s theory, what is the term for the level at which a child can learn with help?
What is the Zone of Proximal Development?
What type of attachment is shown by a child who is distressed when the caregiver leaves, but is easily soothed upon return?
What is Secure Attachment?
This term describes the belief that one is unique and invincible, common in adolescent egocentrism.
What is a Personal Fable?
What is Erikson's final psychosocial stage?
What is Integrity vs. Despair?
What is the name of Bronfenbrenner’s theory that considers multiple levels of environmental influence?
What is Ecological Systems Theory?
The memory system that involves brief, momentary recordings of sensory information.
What is Sensory Memory?
This parenting style is characterized by high warmth and high control.
What is Authoritative?
Erikson’s psychosocial conflict in adolescence is called what?
What is Identity vs. Role Confusion?
T or F: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt positively and recover from stressors, even in later adulthood.
What is True?
What research method studies the same participants at several points in time to observe developmental changes?
What is a Longitudinal Study?
According to Piaget, this stage is when adolescents begin to think abstractly and hypothetically.
What is the Formal Operational Stage?
What term refers to the ability to understand that others have different thoughts and perspectives?
What is the Theory of Mind?
This term refers to the heightened self-consciousness in adolescents, characterized by the belief that their behavior is constantly being watched and judged by others.
What is the Imaginary Audience?
T or F: Crystallized intelligence, which includes accumulated knowledge and experience, generally declines rapidly in late adulthood.
What is False?