Natural Selection
In a population of lizards living on dark volcanic rock, most individuals are dark-colored and blend into the environment. A small number of lizards are bright green, making them easy for predators to see. The bright green coloration does not help survival in this environment. This trait is considered a ______ trait.
Non-adaptive
Scientists compare the limb bones of whales, wolves, and humans and notice many similarities. These similarities suggest a ______ ______.
Common Ancestor
The Moon does not produce its own light. Instead, it is visible because it ______ ______.
Reflects sunlight
True or False: Species that share fewer body structures in common are more closely related on an evolutionary tree.
False
During a lunar eclipse, the ______ is positioned directly between the Sun and the ______.
Earth, moon
In a cold, snowy environment with predators that hunt by sight, ______ _____ would be considered an adaptive trait.
white fur
A population splits into two groups that live in different environments for many generations. Over time, each group changes and forms new species that come from the original population. These newly formed species are called ______ ______.
Descendant species
As the illuminated portion of the Moon continues to increase after First Quarter, the next phase is ______ ______.
Waxing Gibbous
A fossil found in a lower rock layer is compared to a fossil in a higher layer. The fossil in the lower layer is considered ______ than the one above it.
Older
Over several nights, a student notices the illuminated portion of the Moon getting smaller. This is called ______.
Waning
In a population of rabbits, individuals with traits that help them avoid predators and find food are more likely to live long enough to pass their genes to the next generation. These individuals are more likely to ______ and ______.
Survive, reproduce
Bats, wolves, and camels inherited similar limb bones from a common ancestor. Over time, differences in their ______ led to different limb structures and functions.
Environment
During a solar eclipse, the Moon phase observed from Earth is a ______ Moon.
New (completely dark)
A whale, bat, and human all have similar forelimb bone structures even though they are used for different functions like swimming, flying, and grasping. These similarities are used as evidence of ______ ________ when constructing evolutionary trees.
Shared structures
True or False: A "to-scale model" is defined as a model with the sizes and distances of objects being proportionally accurate compared to the real system
True
A population of Galápagos finches includes individuals with many different beak sizes. These differences are an example of ______.
Variation
Over many generations, scientists observe that a population of finches changes as certain traits become more common because they help the birds survive and reproduce. This long-term change in a population is called ______.
Evolution
Starting with New Moon, list the first five Moon phases in order.
New, Crescent, Quarter, Gibbous, Full
A paleontologist compares ______ ______ from ancient organisms to modern animal skulls and finds similar structural features. This evidence is used to support evolutionary relationships between species.
Fossil evidence
We observe different Moon phases because the Moon continuously ______ Earth.
Orbits
Before a drought, most finches had small beaks. After many generations of drought conditions, larger beaks became more common. Scientists would say the trait ______ shifted over time.
Distribution
A population of lizards becomes separated when a canyon forms through its habitat. Over many generations, the two groups experience different environments and can no longer interbreed as one population. This process is called ______.
Speciation
When the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned in the order Sun-Moon-Earth, a ______ eclipse occurs.
Solar
When scientists compare fossils and living organisms, they look for specific physical features that are shared between species. These features are used to build an evolutionary tree by determining ______ ______ ______ among organisms.
Diagnostic shared structures
On the final exam, if a question uses the words ________, ________, or does not clearly ask for an explanation, you should respond by writing just the answer instead of writing a full sentence.
List, Identify