Social Threat 2.0
2 types of threat defined by Blalock
Economic and Political
How do we typically categorize crime?
Violent street crime - the 4 index crimes
Initial offending, doesn't require motivation (for this theorist)
Primary deviance
What was Baumer's (1958) thesis?
Prejudice is a defensive reaction to a perceived threat to the dominant majority (superior group).
After the Civil Rights Era, overt racism was no longer accepted, so coded language was developed to advance this type of threat
Criminal threat
What was the data collection method for Peaceful Warriors?
Qualitative warriors
A status or identity that completely defines you as a person
Master status
What group is the "new" threat?
Hispanics/Latinos
Young, alienated, unemployed people are prototypical examples of ...
4 purposes of fighting
Verifying masculinity, deterrence, hierarchies/natural order, letting bad blood
Two paths to criminality
Internalization of criminal label (self-concept)
Limits to conventional opportunities
Prison conditions have to be worse than societal conditions
Less eligibility
Stults and Baumer (2007) found that ...
As the percentage of city black increases, so does the police force (up until 20%)
Rules of combat
Give quarter, equal combatants, equal numbers, loyalty (this is where exceptions lie)
Looking back through your past for acts consistent with your current status
Retrospective reading
According to Tolnay and Beck, the correlation between lynchings and cotton prices in the South after the Civil War was the result of _____
Status threat
3 mechanisms for labor surplus to lead to CJ outcomes
Judicial decision-making
Need to reproduce free labor
Protection of capitalist productive relations
Describe the Peaceful Warriors (Copes et al. 2013) sample and why that's significant.
Married white dudes with jobs, about 33 y/o, pretty conventional. They try to maintain this identity by only resorting to violence according to rules.
Chiricos found that the effect of being labeled a felon was greatest for those who made it to 30 without a felony conviction
Contingent labeling effects
Describe the threat hypothesis
Predicts that as the number of status quo-threatening people/behaviors increase, so too will the level of social control
2 ways that labor surplus and social control are studied empirically
Sentence severity - does unemployment status affect sentence?
Incarceration rate - Can inequality in an area predict incarceration rate independent of crime?
Absolutely nothing. I had nothing to put here.
Good luck on your final. Thanks for being such a good group of students!!!
(Please do your evaluations!)
How did Chiricos study labeling effects
Florida felony convictions. Judges had discretion to either withhold adjudication or apply adjudication. Compared those who were adjudicated vs those who were not adjudicated through matching.
4 types of discrimination according to Blalock
Political, Symbolic segregation, Symbolic/ritualistic violence, and development of threat-oriented ideologies