Ch.4: Sensation and Perception
The detection of physical energy by sensory organs.
What is sensation?
What is 5?
The outcome or consequence of a behaviour that weakens the probability of the behaviour.
What is punishment?
Also referred to as working memory
What is STM (short-term memory)?
Motivated states marked by physiological arousal, mental experience, and expressive behaviour.
What are emotions?
The smallest change in the intensity of a stimulus that we can detect.
What is the JND (just noticeable difference)?
A sleep disorder characterized by the sudden, rapid, and unexpected onset of sleep.
What is narcolepsy?
The 3 stages of memory
What is encoding, storage and retrieval?
A way we can read nonverbal cues is through the study of personal space.
What is proxemics?
The part of the eye containing transparent cells that focus light onto the retina.
What is the cornea?
These type of drugs increase the activity of the CNS?
What are stimulants?
The researcher that coined operant conditioning.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
The gradual strengthening of the connections among neurons from repetitive stimulation
LTP (long-term potentiation)
We are pretty bad at predicting how happy we will be once something happens to us.
What is affective forecasting?
This system refers to our sense of touch, temperature, and pain.
This theory states that our dreams transform our sexual and aggressive fantasies into acceptable symbols that represent wish-fulfillment (how we wish things to be).
What is Freud's Dream and Protection Theory?
The development of a conditioned response (CR) to a CS by virtue of its association with another CS.
What is higher-order conditioning?
The inability to encode new memories from our experiences
What is anterograde amnesia?
A theory that proposes, unless we meet our most basic needs, we cannot achieve more complex needs.
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
The name of the individual that came up with the principles that allow us to make sense of a scene.
(Hint: proximity, similarity)
Who is Gestalt?
This disorder occurs when the brain stem structures that normally relax and paralyze us during sleep are damaged.
What is REM behaviour disorder?
This law states that if in the presence of a certain stimulus, a behaviour results in a satisfying reward, that behaviour is more likely to occur in the presence of that stimulus in the future.
What is Thorndike's Law of Effect?
Ebbinghaus' crucial principle
(Hint: Law about studying)
What is Law of distributed practice vs. massed practice?
This law states that there seems to be an optimal level of how much arousal is required to facilitate performance.
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?