Shoulder
What bones make up the Acromioclavicular Joint Sprain?
Acromion and Clavicle
What motions do you test during the strength test during a wrist evaluation?
Flexion strength test for the wrist
Extension strength test for the wrist
Radial deviation strength test for the wrist
Ulnar deviation strength test for the wrist
What are the three bones that make up the elbow?
Ulna, Radius, Ulna
What are the special tests for an Acromioclavicular Joint sprain?
AC shear test, Piano key test
What does the "P" in HOPS stand for?
Palpation
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
Infraspinatus, Supraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres Minor, Teres Major
What is a smiths fracture and how does it happen?
Occurs in lower end of radius or ulna
MOI is fall on flexed wrist
Displacement occurs anteriorly
What are the ligaments in the elbow?
Radial Collateral
Ulnar Collateral
Annular
What are the special tests for shoulder impingement syndrome?
Neers and Hawkins-Kennedy
How would you perform a strength test in a shoulder evaluation and which muscles are you testing for?
Flexion: Anterior Deltoid
Extension: Posterior deltoid
Abduction: Mid. Deltoid
Adduction: subscapularis, pectoralis minor, or pectoralis major
Internal rotation: subscapularis
External rotation: Infraspinatus & Teres Minor
What are the ranges of motion for a shoulder?
Flexion, extension
Abduction and adduction
Internal and external rotation
What is a Colles Fracture and how does it happen?
Occurs in lower end of radius or ulna
MOI is fall on extended wrist, forcing radius and ulna into hyperextension displacement occurs posteriorly
Sometimes called a dinner fork deformity
What are the ranges of motion for the elbow?
Flexion, Extension, Supination, Pronation
What are the three special tests for thoracic outlet syndrome?
Adson's, Allen's, Roos (EAST)
What is the Valgus and Varus Stress test? What are they used for?
Test the strength of the UCL and RCL
What is the cause and signs and symptoms for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
When the blood vessels and/or nerves in the tight passageway of the thoracic outlet are abnormally compressed, they become irritated and can cause TOS
The signs and symptoms of TOS include neck, shoulder, and arm pain, numbness or impaired circulation to the affected areas.
How is wrist tendonitis caused?
Overuse
What nerve would cause numbness and tingling in the 4 th and 5 th fingers in compressed?
Ulnar Nerve
What are the special tests for Rotator Cuff Sprains?
Empty can, full can, lift off, drop arm
What are the Phalens test and Finkelsteins test? What are they used for?
Phalen’s Test
Tingling and/or numbness in the fingers indicates nerve impingement at the wrist on that side.
Positive test is tingling in the thumb, middle finger, index finger and lateral half of ring finger
Finkelstein’s Test
Pain in the involved side indicates tenosynovitis of the thumb tendon
De Quervain’s syndrome
What are the signs and symptoms for a Acromioclavicular Joint Sprain for each grade?
Grade 1 - point tenderness and pain w/ movement; no disruption of AC joint
Grade 2 - tear or rupture of AC ligament, partial displacement of lateral end of clavicle; pain, point tenderness and decreased ROM (abduction/adduction)
Grade 3 - Rupture of AC and CC ligaments with dislocation of clavicle; gross deformity, pain, loss of function and instability
What is carpal tunnel syndrome? How is it caused? What are the signs and symptoms?
Cause of Injury
Compression of median nerve due to inflammation of tendons and sheaths of carpal tunnel
Result of repeated wrist flexion or direct trauma to anterior aspect of wrist
Signs of Injury
Sensory and motor deficits (tingling, numbness and paresthesia); weakness in thumb
What is lateral epicondylitis and how is it caused?
What is medical epicondylitis and how is it caused?
Lateral: Repetitive microtrauma to insertion of extensor muscles of lateral epicondyle
Medial: Repeated forceful flexion of wrist and extreme valgus torque of elbow
What are the special tests for Glenohumeral Instability?
Apprehension test, Obrien's test, Sulcus sign test, Clunk test, Anterior drawer test, posterior drawer test.
An athlete comes to you and says he fell on their shoulder and they are having pain. Describe the evaluation process (HOPS). What are the steps and how would you perform each?
History, Observation, Palpation, Special Tests