The Enlightenment
Where did the Enlightenment begin?
Europe
Who was the Influential scientist that developed calculus and the laws of gravity?
Newton
What were Thomas Hobbes's conclusions about human nature?
Naturally selfish, greedy
Locke believed that a good government gets its power from...
The people
What prison held philosophes who criticized the French government?
The Bastille
What were the beliefs of the Enlightenment thinkers?
Observation and Reason
Newton's theory of gravity draws what conclusion?
A natural force pulls objects toward Earth
What type of government did Thomas Hobbes promote?
Absolute monarchy
What did John Locke consider a government's most important duty?
Protect natural rights
What freedom did Voltaire value the most?
Freedom of speech/press (expression)
Which groups played the greatest role in the Enlightenment?
Scientists and philosophers
Who is known as the Father of Modern Philosophy?
Descartes
In his book, Hobbes suggests that in order to function, a society must have a strong leader, like what Biblical sea monster?
The Leviathan
What natural rights did Locke say all people are born with?
Life, Liberty, and Property
Which philosophe said "Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains"?
Rousseau
What were the French Enlightenment scholars and thinkers that believed in justice, freedom, and building a better society called?
Philosophes
What is Descartes most famous saying?
I think, therefore I am
How did people react to Hobbes's ideas?
Poorly, hated him, he had to flee for his life
According to Locke, all people are born as a "tabula rasa," meaning what?
Blank slate- learn from experiences
What is a pseudonym, and why did many philosophes use one?
A fake name to protect their identity. Criticizing French government was treason
Who was known as the American Philosophe?
Benjamin Franklin
Descartes encouraged people to doubt everything except...
Their own existence
What is the difference between and absolute monarchy vs a limited monarchy?
Absolute = 1 ruler with all power
Limited = 1 ruler plus a governing body (parliament)
Which of John Locke's radical ideas influenced the American Revolution?
Encouraged people to overthrow a government that did not protect their rights
Which of Montesquieu's ideas greatly influenced the organization of the U.S. government, as outlined in the Constitution?
Separation of powers, checks and balances