Social & Environmental
The SES-Health gradient demonstrates that lower SES is associated with _______ mortality and disease rates.
Higher
The hippocampal neurogenesis theory of depression argues that SSRIs treat depression by…
promoting neurogenesis in hippocampus
People can have psychopathology like depression or anxiety without experiencing symptoms 100% of the time. (TRUE/FALSE)
True!
SNRIs work to treat internalizing disorders by inhibiting reuptake of these two neurotransmitters.
serotonin and norepinephrine
Lower social may have a weaker association with stress when someone has ________ predictability and control over stressors.
High (or stable)
When considering the predator defense model, decreased heart rate during pre-encounter anxiety indicates this stage of defense.
Freeze response
Substance Abuse Disorder provides an example of a ___________ feedback loop, where using more substances leads to craving.
Positive feedback loop
This intervention trains individuals to regulate their physiology through monitoring.
Biofeedback
The benefit of animal models, like Brady’s executive monkey studies and Weiss’s rat studies, is that they tell us more about this dimension of stress and health.
Specific mechanisms, physiology
The amount of physiological response to the unpredictable condition of the startle response eyeblink paradigm differentiates healthy controls from participants with this disorder.
Panic Disorder
Caspi et al. (2003) found that this allele of the serotonin transporter gene increases your risk of developing depression later in life, especially when combined with early life adversity.
short alleles
This class of medications bind to GABA receptors in the brain, resulting in inhibition.
Benzodiazepines (benzos)
Physical factors, such as lifestyle, access to healthcare, and protective factors like social support and parks account for this much of the SES-Health gradient.
1/3
This sub-cortical brain structure is uniquely found in humans and animals to pick up on anxiety specifically versus other stress states.
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)
In depression, this part of the prefrontal cortex appears deficient, and ends up exciting the subcortical “stress” system regions, like the amygdala.
ventromedial (vmPFC)
The physiology of a “runner’s high” is thanks to release of these substances.
Endogenous opioids, endorphins, cannabinoids