Ethical guidelines in research
If participants are deceived, which other ethical issue does this automatically create?
A. Lack of privacy
B. Lack of informed consent
C. Lack of withdraw
D. Lack of confidentiality of anonymity
What is B. Lack of informed consent
The measure or assessment of consistency of scores across time or different contexts is called _____.
What is reliability
If we find that rates of motivation are lower among children who have lower GPAs, then we have found what type of relationship?
a. positive
b.negative
c.curvilinear
d.causal
What is a. positive
Type of home (e.g., condo, apartment, one family home) is an example of a variable at the ____ level of measurement.
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Ratio
d. None of the above
What is a. Nominal
If a researcher wanted to study the outcomes of the same clients that were discharged from a substance abuse treatment center over a 3 year period, this would be:
a. A cross-sectional study
b. A qualitative study
c. An inductive study
d. A longitudinal study
What is d. A longitudinal study
What is one of the key decision points in the thoughtful use of deception?
A. Ignore any potential consequences
B. Conduct briefing and debriefing
C. Continue to use deception without exploring whether there are other options
What is B. Conduct briefing and debriefing
If a physics program designed a measure to assess cumulative student learning throughout the major, the new measure should be correlated with a standardized measure of ability in this discipline, such as the GRE subject test. The higher the correlation between the established measure and new measure, the more faith the program can have in the new assessment tool.
This is what type of validity?
a. Criterion-Related Validity
b. Formative Validity
c. Construct Validity
What is a. Criterion-Related Validity
As a student’s number of absences decreases, their GPA increases. We have found what type of relationship?
a.positive
b.negative
c.curvilinear
d.causal
What is b.negative
The variable in a hypothesis that is thought to be explained or caused by the independent variable.
What is the dependent variable
A research design calls for having participants complete a checklist of anxiety symptoms they are experiencing and then using their answers as the basis for a series of in-depth, open-ended questions. This design is:
a. Quantitative-Qualitative
b. Qualitative-Quantitative
c. Quantitative only
d. Qualitative only
What is a. Quantitative-Qualitative
When obtaining "informed consent" which of the following would be least likely to be included:
A. Aims of the research
B. Explanation about the right to withdraw
C. Explanation about what the data will be used for
D. Debriefing
What is D. Debriefing
A research instrument can be reliable, but not valid. True or False?
What is True.
Working memory increases throughout childhood, remains steady in adulthood, and begins decreasing around age 50. This is an example of what type of relationship?
What is curvilinear
Identify the independent variable in the following hypothesis: "People who study regularly are more likely to have above average grades than those who do not study regularly."
a. Grades
b. Studying
c. People
d. None of the above
What is b. Studying
The 1970 British Study which has collected data on the lives of 17,000 Brits since their births in 1970, is a well-known example of a ________ study.
a. Cross-sectional
b. Longitudinal
What is b. Longitudinal
If a measure developed in one language has been translated and back-translated successfully, the measure has __________.
A. Conceptual equivalence.
B. Equivalent validity.
C. Linguistic equivalence.
D. Metric equivalence.
What is C. Linguistic equivalence
Validity is a concept that... (choose the best answer)
A. Measures the consistency of the measurement taken under the study.
B. Measures the accuracy of the concept that it is supposed to measure.
C. Covers the the full range of the issue set for the study
What is B. Measures the accuracy of the concept that it is supposed to measure.
Number of siblings is an example of a variable at the ____ level of measurement.
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Ratio
d. None of the above
What is c. Ratio
Survey item: "Are you hungry or thirsty?" is an example of what type of question?
a. An open-ended question
b. A double-barreled
c. A contingency question
d. A biased question
What is b. A double-barreled
Any researcher should weigh the expected __________ for society with the potential ______________ to participants.
What is benefits and harm
Suppose you created a new reading comprehension test and you want to test its validity. You compare the results of your new measure to validated measures that already exist for reading comprehension and find that your measure compares well with these other measures. We could then say that your new measure has good:
A. Predictive validity
B. Content validity
C. Concurrent validity
D. Reliability
What is C. Concurrent validity
A new intervention is implemented in a third class to increase reading comprehension among students. The intervention is found to increase reading comprehension among boys in the class but not girls. In this example, gender of the student is what type of variable?
What is a moderator
The response options for the question "Why do you play baseball?"
a. Enjoyment
b. Health
c. Friends
are mutually exclusive. True or false?
False