RDO
The founding of a state based on the ideology of white supremacy, the widespread practice of African slavery, and a policy of genocide and land theft.
What is settler colonialism?
The symbolic leader of the Senate, whose main role is to break a tie.
Who is the Vice President?
Authority possessed by both state and national governments, such as the power to levy taxes.
What are concurrent powers?
The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1791; they ensure certain rights and liberties to the people.
What is the Bill of Rights?
A political system in which only two parties have a realistic opportunity to compete effectively for control.
What is the two-party system?
A private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns.
What is a PAC?
A theory of John Locke which states that individuals sacrifice their liberty only through consent.
What is the social contract?
Having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses.
What is a bicameral legislature?
Power delegated by the state to a local unit of government to manage its own affairs.
What is home rule?
A doctrine that public accommodations could be segregated by race but still be considered equal established in Plessy v. Ferguson.
What is the separate but equal principle?
A type of electoral system in which, to win a seat in the parliament or other representative body, a candidate need only receive the most votes in the election, not necessarily a majority of the votes cast.
What is a plurality system?
An organized group of people or institutions that uses various forms of advocacy to influence public policy.
What is an interest group?
In 1803, the Jefferson administration purchase this region without consulting any affected Indigenous nation.
What is the Louisiana Territory/Purchase?
The claim that confidential communications between a president and close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the president.
What is executive privilege?
Provision from Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution requiring that the states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state.
What is the full faith and credit clause?
Guarantees of equal opportunity and protection for all citizens through obligations imposed on government power--what government must do to ensure that citizens are treated equally.
What are civil rights?
An individual voter's psychological ties to one party or another.
What is party identification?
Benefits sought by groups that are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers.
What are collective goods?
During this presidency, many of the intensive genocidal campaigns against Indigenous civilians took place (1869-1877).
What is the presidency of Andrew Jackson?
The individual or organization that brings a complaint in court.
Who is the plaintiff?
Powers reserved to the state government to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens.
What are police powers?
One of three Civil War amendments; it guaranteed voting rights for African American men.
What is the 15th Amendment?
Elections held to select a party's candidate for the general election.
What are primary elections?
Those who enjoy the benefits of collective goods but did not participate in acquiring or providing them.
Who are free riders?
During this time of forced displacement, all the Native nations east of the Mississippi were forced off their lands and relocated to Indian Territory, seventy thousand people in all.
What is the Trail of Tears?
The residents in the area from which an official is elected.
What is a constituency?
A type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities (without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals.
What is cooperative federalism?
Laws enacted by southern states following Reconstruction that discriminated against African Americans.
What are Jim Crow laws?
The theory that most interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government; the outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation.
What is pluralism?
A strategy by which organized interests seek to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on government officials.
What is lobbying?
This French Caribbean plantation colony declared itself an independent nation-state in 1801 and became the first permanently successful national liberation movement against European colonialism in the world.
What is Haiti?
A prior case whose principles are used by judges as the basis for their decision in a present case.
What is precedent?
The system of government that prevailed in the United States from 1789 to 1937 in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments.
What is dual federalism?
One of three Civil War amendments; it guaranteed equal protection and due process.
What is the 14th Amendment?
A type of representation in which representatives have the same racial, gender, ethnic, religious, or educational backgrounds as their constituents; it is based on the principle that if two individuals are similar in background, character, interests, and perspectives, then one can correctly represent the other's views.
What is descriptive representation?
Groups that claim they serve the general good rather than only their own particular interests.
What are public interest groups/citizen groups?