Exam 1
According to The Theory of Heredity, when a diploid (2n) individual inherits two different _____________, one may be expressed, and one may be silenced.
A) cells B) genes C) alleles D) eggs E) nuclei
C) alleles
When functioning properly, living organisms are _________
A) always creating and destroying energy.
B) at metabolic equilibrium.
C) closed systems.
D) defined by ΔG≠0.
E) All of the above.
D) defined by ΔG≠0.
In a particular species of desert plants, cytosines makeup up 32% of the nucleotides. How many total purines are present in this plant's genome?
50%
mRNA binds to the _____ ribosomal subunit
small
The statement: "The sun will rise tomorrow" is based on _________ reasoning which means _______________.
A) deductive; this hypothesis has been rigorously scientifically tested.
B) deductive; this result is from many controlled experiments and was proven to be true.
C) inductive; many observations have led us to infer this conclusion.
D) inductive; this conclusion cannot be rejected.
C) inductive; many observations have led us to infer this conclusion.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding entropy at the molecular level?
A) Ice has more entropy than water molecules.
B) Entropy increases when a substance is broken down into parts.
C) Entropy increases as temperature decreases.
D) Entropy increases in reactions where the reactants outnumber the products.
B) Entropy increases when a substance is broken down into parts.
Which of the following happens in mitosis but NOT in meiosis?
A) homologous chromosomes separate
B) crossing over during prophase
C) cell number goes from 2n to n
D) chromosomes are duplicated during interphase
E) somatic cells replicate and divide to produce daughter cells
E) somatic cells replicate and divide to produce daughter cells
What initiates transcription?
the promotor region
Scientists discovered an unusual liquid substance oozing out of an Amazonian tree. After preliminary testing, the substance was determined to have an OH‐ concentration of 10‐5. What is the pH of this substance, how many H+ ions does it have, and it is acidic or basic, respectively?
pH = 9, H+ = 10‐9, basic
Which of the following is incorrect about the citric acid cycle?
A) It consists as a series of enzymatic reactions.
B) It requires pyruvate as an input.
C) It occurs in the cytosol (cytoplasm) and/or plasma membrane of prokaryotic organisms.
D) Its goal is to gather electrons for the ETC.
E) It releases several CO2 molecules.
B) It requires pyruvate as an input.
If Furmi, the "normal" tailed orange boy, and Adi, the Manx Tortie girl, had a litter of kittens, how many would be born with a tail and what is Adi's genotype?
50%, Mm
What terminates translation? (be specific)
UAA
UGA
UAG
You are a cardiologist treating a patient with classic symptoms of ischemic heart disease. Your patient will undergo myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for a proper diagnosis. MPI uses Technetium‐99m (99mTc), a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium, the most commonly used medical radioisotope in the world, with a half‐life of 6 hours. You inject your patient with 99mTc at 7am on Monday. When are you confident that your patient will have less than 2% of 99mTc still present in their body?
Tuesday at 7pm
NADH is the __________ form of NAD. This means that during redox reactions it _________ electrons and becomes __________ to form NAD+
reduced, donates, oxidized
BRCA genes in humans encode proteins that inhibit abnormal cell division and function to maintain "normal" cell growth. Mutation(s) in these genes can result in the formation of non‐functional proteins, which are not able to inhibit abnormal cell growth (among other issues), resulting in a significantly increased risk of breast cancer. Normal, wild type (wt) BRCA genes are examples of:
Tumor Suppressor Genes
What is a post-transcriptional modification that allows for variation among genetic material?
splicing our introns, which allows for alternative splicing
Thalidomide and L‐dopa (see figure) are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that....
A) differ in spatial arrangement around double bonds
B) are not mirror images of one another
C) are cis‐trans isomers
D) cannot be super imposed upon one another
E) have the same function but different molecular formula
D) cannot be superimposed upon each other
A unicellular eukaryote undergoes multiple rounds of glycolysis and produces 550 molecules of pyruvate. What is the final, net yield, of ATP molecules that are available for future use?
550
The mitotic spindle plays a critical role in which of the following processes?
A) splitting of the cell (cytokinesis) following mitosis
B) separation of homologous chromosomes
C) dissolving the nuclear membrane
D) triggering the compaction and condensation of chromosomes
E) separation of sister chromatids
E) separation of sister chromatids
Where does transcription occur in Streptococcus Bacterium?
cytoplasm