Breathing, ECG, & terms
Medications & vital signs
HR, abbreviation, states of matter
Random stuff to know
masks, chart, & WB
respiration & flow
Lung vol/capacity & humidifiers
formulas
100

The breathing pattern of the RR and VT gradually increases and then gradually decreases to complete apnea, then gradually increases and repeats. CHF, brain damage

what is: Cheyne stokes

100

the following are side effects of ________ bronchodilators

-Palpitations, tachycardia, HTN, tremors, dizziness, weakness, restlessness, anxiety, fear, pallor(pale)

what is:

adrenergic bronchodilators

100

the normal heart range values for Tachycardia

what is:

>100

100

the scientist whose discovery helped create the function of a jet neb 

what is:

Bernoulli

100

the oxygen delivery device that is used when:

 -1/4 L to 6 LPM 

-FiO2 22-44%

-Flows >4 LPM add humidifier 

-Good for patients with low oxygen needs, stable breathing, or pts eating

what is the:

- Nasal Cannula

100

the Bourdon gauge measures what

Usually used for H Tanks, measures pressure and displays flow

100

the ____is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled from end-expiration 

Inspiratory Capacity-IC

100

minute ventilation formula VE

V= RR x VT

200

the breathing pattern that is prolonged inspiratory gasps, interrupted by occasional expirations, due to damaged pons, associated with head trauma, severe brain hypoxia, or lack of flow to the brain

what is: Apneustic breathing

200

the brand name for Albuterol

what is:

Ventolin and Proventil


200

the normal heart range values for Bradycardia

what is:

<60

200

the compression to ventilation ratio for two-rescuer adult CPR according to AHA

what is:

 30:2

200

The oxygen delivery device that is used when:

 5-10 LPM 

-FiO2 35-50% 

-cause rebreathing of CO2

-variable flow & FiO2

-Use for mouth breathers

-easy to apply

-people requiring more oxygen than NC can provide which goes up to 6L/per min

what is the:

Simple Mask

200

The device takes humidity on exhalation and returns it on inspiration to help humidify the airway when it has been bypassed.

what is:

HME: Heat and moisture exchanger

200

the___is the total amount of gas left in the lungs after a resting expiration 

what is:

FRC- functional residual capacity

200

Alveolar minute ventilation

VA= RR x (V- VD)

300

the breathing pattern that the tidal volumes are of identical depths, due to brain damage, and increased ICP’s

what is:

Biot-breathing

300

the brand name for Ipratropium Bromide 

what is:

Atrovent

300

the term Tachypnea means

what is:

abnormally high RR


300

 the difference between internal and external respiration

External respiration- gas exchange between lungs and blood (alveoli and capillaries) 

Internal respiration- gas exchange between blood and tissues (capillaries and cells in tissues) 

300

The oxygen delivery device that is used when:

 -Various flows (LPM)

-FiO2 24-50% 

-Good for COPD patients, gives higher flows with lower FiO2

-fixed entrainment, variable flow

-small jet= decreased FiO2 (increased room air entrainment), shear forces aid and energy taken from the wall, becomes a vacuum

-large jet= increased FiO2 (decreased room air entrainment) 

what is a:

Air Entrainment mask (Venturi Mask)

 

300

 the primary muscles of respiration

what is the:

Diaphragm and intercostals

300

the _____ is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal quiet inspiration 

what is:

IRV- Inspiratory reserve volume

300

Dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT)

normal: .2-.4 or 20%-40%

VD/VT= PaCO2-PeCO2/ PaCO2

400

the breathing pattern where there is an increase in rate and depth is a deep gasping type of respiration caused by DKA(Diabetic ketoacidosis)

what is:

-Kussmaul

400

the brand name for salmeterol

what is:

Serevent

400

the term Bradypnea means

what is:

abnormally low RR


400

the device that adds molecular water to a gas. (>4L)

what is:

a humidifier

400

The oxygen delivery device that is used when:

-Minimum of 10 LPM (must be high enough to prevent the collapse of the bag) 

-1L flexible reservoir bag increases reservoir volume, which provides higher FiO2

-40-70% 

-No one-way valves, patient rebreathes about 1/3 of exhaled 

-Used when nonrebreather not available

what is a: 

Partial Rebreathing Mask 

400

 the accessory muscles of respiration

Inspiration-scalene and sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major

Exhalation- abdominals, internal intercostals 


400

the ___ is the volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled from the lungs during effortless breathing 

what is:

Tidal Volume -VT

400

Total oxygen content of Blood(CaO2)

normal: 16-20ml/dl

CaO2= (PaOx .003)+ (Hb x 1.34 x SaO2)

500

the pattern of breathing where there is no breathing occurring 

what is:

Apnea

500

the brand name for Acetylcysteine

what is:

Mucomyst


500

the range for Hypertension

what is:

> 140/90

500

the agency responsible for credentials RRT’s  

what is:

 NBRC- National Board for Respiratory Care


500

The oxygen delivery device that is used when:

Minimum of 10 LPM (must be enough to prevent the collapse of the bag) 

-60-80%(highest FiOrange available) 

-One way valves; patient does not rebreathe CO2 

-Trauma patients, smoke inhalation, critical patients

what is a:

Nonrebreathing mask 

500

the components that must be included in a medication prescription and where would this order be located? 

-Name, dosage, frequency, route of administration, and Dr.’s signature. 

-This is found in the MD orders.

500

the ___ is the total amount of gas that can be exhaled from the lung after a quiet exhalation 

what is:

ERV- Expiratory Reserve volume

500

Alveolar air equation PAO2

norm 100mmHg if pt on room air

PAO2=FiO2(PB-PH2O(47))-PCO2/.8

600

the P wave in an ECG means 

what is:

P wave- depolarization of atria


600

the brand name for Dornase Alfa

what is:

Pulmozyme

600

the range for Hypotension

what is:

<90/60

600

the rate of L of O2 increases in delivery 

starting at 1L= FiO2 approximately 24%

 

what is :

increase by 4% per Liter

1lp= 24%

2lpm= 28% 

3lpm= 32% 

4lpm= 36% 

5lpm= 40% 

600

the mask that is variable FiO2 range 24-98% and can be used to deliver medication 

Air Entrainment Nebulizer

 

600

The first 15 generations of the respiratory tract are known as

The conducting zone.


600

the ___ is the volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a complete exhalation 

what is:

RV- Residual Volume

600

Alveolar to arterial gradient(A-a)

norm:5-10 for anatomic shunt < is another shunt

-after finding PAO2 w/ alveolar air equation

PAO2-PaO2

700

the meaning of a T wave on an ECG


what is:

repolarization of the ventricles


700

the brand name for Ipratropium & Albuterol combined

what is:

 Duoneb-SVN

Combivent-MDI

700

the  abbreviation QID means

what is:

4 x a day

700

the rate at which C02 diffuses how many times faster across the AC membrane than 02

what is:

20 x faster

700

the part of the chart that is a continuing account of the patient’s progress for the physician, is the most up-to-date information. 

what is:

Progress sheet

700

the gas exchange starts to occur in the respiratory tract where?

-Respiratory zone (specifically the respiratory bronchioles), generations 16 and beyond. 


700

the __ is the total amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration 

what is:

Vital Capacity

700

cardiac output formula

CO=HRxSV

800

the meaning of a ST segment on an ECG


what is:

the resting phase


800

the brand name for Fluticasone

what is:

Flovent

800

the  abbreviation TID means 

what is:

 3 x a day

800

the term that matches the following statement

-is a condition where 02 availability is less than cellular 02 needed 

what is:

Hypoxia

800

the part of the chart that Describes the nursing care given to the patient, SOAP note/data 

what is: 

Nurse's notes

800

the flow that is straight and streamlined 

what is:

Laminar

800

the ___ is the total amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration 

what is:

TLC- Total Lung Capacity

800

celsius to Fahrenheit

c=(F-32)/1.8

900

the QRS complex mean on an ECG

what is:

Depolarization of the ventricles

900

the brand name for the DPI that Fluticasone & Salmeterol are combined

what is:

Advair

900

the abbreviation Q4H means

what is:

every 4 hours

900

the term that matches the following

-abnormally low Pa02, can cause hypoxia 

what is:

Hypoxemia

900

the part of the chart that is a record of the MD orders and prescriptions 

what is:

Physician’s orders


900

the flow that is irregular eddy currents of flow (chaotic pattern) 

what is:

Turbulent

900

What phospholipid does the body naturally secrete to decrease surface tension?

Surfactant

900

Fahrenheit to Celsius

F=(C x 1.8) + 32

1000

the blood flow route through the heart


 SVC ---->RA--->Tricuspid valve--->RV---------------->Pulmonary Valve -->Pulmonary artery--->LUNGS --->Pulmonary veins ---> LA ---> Mitral valve(bicuspid valve)--------->LV--->Aortic Valve----->Aorta---->BODY


Deoxygenated blood flows from the vena cava into the right atrium, which then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, from which it then passes through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, by which it travels to the lungs to be reoxygenated. One oxygenated, the blood travels from the lungs through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, then the mitral valve, then the left ventricle, then the aortic valve, and finally the aorta, by which oxygenated blood is sent out to the rest of the body.

1000

the main difference in mode of action for albuterol versus ipratropium bromide?

-Albuterol stops bronchospasm by inducing an adrenergic response by releasing Norepinephrine and epinephrine to stimulate bronchodilators.

- Ipratropium blocks the release of ACH on the PSNS nerve site to prevent bronchoconstriction. 

1000

the abbreviations BID mean

what is:

Twice a day

1000

Avogadro’s Law states 1 mole of any gas at STP= 

what is:

22.4 L

1000

the part of the chart that is a history of the present illness 

what is:

History and Physical(H&P)

1000

the flow that is a combination of laminar and turbulent 

what is:

Transitional

1000
  1. Answer the following 

 IRV+VT+ERV+RV=  

 IRV+VT= 

 TLC-FRC= 

 IC+FRC= 

 FRC-ERV= 

  1. Answer the following 

 IRV+VT+ERV+RV= TLC 

 IRV+VT= IC 

 TLC-FRC= IC 

 IC+FRC= TLC 

 FRC-ERV= RV 

1000

relative humidity percentage formula

RH%= AH/Sat cap

1100

the most common cause of the obstructed airway in the adult


what is:

the Tongue


1100

the mucolytic treatment should be given with what other drug to prevent bronchospasm

what is:

Albuterol (a beta-adrenergic/parasympathomimetic)

1100

the abbreviations for QD means


what is:

Once a day

1100

 the largest artery in the body

what is the:

Aorta

1100

the white blood cell for allergic reactions/parasites 

what is:

Eosinophils

1100

 the indications for a low flow 02 system(3 parts)

what is:

Vt 300-700 ml’s, 

regular and consistent Vt,

 and RR < 30 br/min  

1100

What is the difference between a bubble and a Passover humidifier?

-bubble humidifier breaks or diffuses an underwater gas stream into small bubbles, they are unheated and can provide 15-20mg/L of AH, at high flow rates aerosols are produced. 

-Passover humidifier directs gas over a surface containing water - Simple reservoir, Wick, and membrane type. 

1100

body humidity percentage formula

BH%= AH/43.8

1200

The ratio of actual water vapor content to its saturate capacity at any given temperature.

what is:

Relative humidity

1200

the stimulation of alpha receptors for the SNS causes

what is:

Vasoconstriction occurs within the arteries and veins. 


1200

the electrical conduction of the heart starting with the SA node.

SA node--->Bachman’s bundles--->AV node---->bundle of HIS-(R and L bundle branches)--->purkinje fibers--->ventricles

1200

the method of heat transfer is used to keep infants warm in the delivery room

what is:

Radiation

1200

the white blood cell for allergic reactions secrete heparin (less than eosinophils) 

what is:

Basophils

1200

Using a reservoir oxygen mask, you notice that the bag keeps collapsing on inspiration what should you do to ensure the patient is getting adequate 02?

Increase the flow

1200

The ______ _____ device directs gas over a surface of water or fluid and the surface for gas-fluid interface is limited.

simple reservoir

1200

tank duration for cylinder

PSi x tank factor(O2 .28)/ liter flow

-may need to divide by 60 for hours and multiple decimal by 60 for mins

1300

The actual amount or weight of water vapor in a gas must be measured.

what is:

Absolute humidity

1300

 the normal values for Respiratory rate

what is:

12-18


1300

the term that matches the following:

-Air is warmed in one location and circulated to carry the heat elsewhere, mixing fluid molecules at different temps.  Heats and moves it—most common!

what is:

Convection

1300

the most common use of racemic epinephrine

what is:

Upper airway/ Large airway obstructions- tracheal edemas

1300

the white blood cell that is the most abundant response, bacterial infections, reduced w/bone marrow dz., low-immunodeficiency 

what is:

Neutrophils

1300

Why is it necessary to keep a Simple Mask’s liter flow @ 5lpm?

To avoid the accumulation and rebreathing of C02

1300

The _____ ______ uses capillary action to draw water from a reservoir with an absorbent material and increases the surface area for dry air to interface with heated water, only water vapor molecules can pass and not liquid, no bubbling occurs and no aerosol is produced.

 wick humidifier

1300

liquid tank duration formula

lbs x 344/ liter flow

-may need to divide by 60 for hours and multiple decimal by 60 for mins

1400

the actual amount of water vapor in a gas at any temp given. (how much water is in the cup)

what is:

Content

1400

the normal value for Blood pressure

what is:

90-140mmHg systolic

60-90mmHg diastolic

-ideal: 120/80

1400

the term that matches the following:

- heat without direct contact usually infrared in the health care setting, radian warmers, heat loss is related to surrounding temp and surface area

what is:

radiation

1400

the difference between a red blood cell and white blood cell

-Red blood cell carries 02 

-White blood cells are for immune response

1400

the white blood cell that is the second most abundant WBC, viral infections, reduced w/ immunodeficiency syndromes 

what is:

Lymphocytes

1400

 the following would cause the O2 dissociation curve to go toward the ____(*increased affinity)

-Decreased C02, decrease temp, decrease 2,3 DPG,

 -increase pH CoHB, MetHb, Fetal Hb

 

 

towards the Left

1400

The ______ ______ separates the water from the gas stream by hydrophobic membrane. Only water vapor molecules can pass the membrane (liquid and pathogens cannot cross membrane).

 membrane humidifier

1400

conversion factor & formula

-HeO80:20 

&

-HeO2 70:30

-1.8, liter flow x 1.8 =actual flow

-1.6, liter flow x 1.6= actual flow

1500

The total amount of water vapor a gas can hold at any given temp. (size of the cup)

what is:

Capacity

1500

the normal heart rate range & SpO2


what is:

60-100bpm

92-100%

1500

the terms that match the following:

transfers heat by transfer in solids through direct contact

&

-change in the state of a substance from liquid form to gaseous form occurring below its boiling point. 

what is:

Conduction

& Evaporation

1500

the difference between platelets and plasma

-Platelets are also called thrombocytes, the smallest formed element in blood, responsible for clot formation (coagulation), Norm- 150,000-400,000mm3

 -Plasma is the liquid portion of blood, 90% water, and the rest are proteins and coagulants

1500

the white blood cell is for phagocytes, foreign material  

what is:

Monocytes


1500

the following would cause the O2 dissociation curve to go toward the ____(decreased affinity)

Increased C02, increased temp, increased 2,3 DPG and Sickle Cell Anemia- HbS, 

-decreased pH

to the right

1500

the formulas in order needed to compare TF & PIF

1. 100-FiO2/FiO2-21=air to oxygen ratio

2. (air ratio + oxygen(1)) x LPM= total flow

3. VE= RR x VT

4.PIF= Vx 3 then compare to TF

TF>PIF to be adequate PIF>TF not enough

1500

Dose & volume formula

& concentration conversions for 1:100 or 1%

dose: vol(ml) x conc(ml/mg)= dose mg

volume: dose(mg)/conc(mg/ml)= volume ml

1:100= 1/100 x 1000 then divide by the 100 getting 10

1%= Move the decimal to the right once make 10%

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