Data
Elicited Occurring Data - provide examples
Data actively collected by a researcher through specific methods. ex: interviews, written exchanges, observations or specific tasks
Research Design
A plan that outlines how to answer a research question
Ethics in Research
A set of moral principles that guide researchers in conducting their studies responsibly, ensuring safety of participants and integrity of findings
Median
The middle value in a dataset when all data points are arranged in ascending order
A focus group is a ____ research technique where a small group of people with similar characteristics are brought together to discuss a topic or issue
Qualitative
Naturally Occurring Data - Provide examples
Information produced by real world events & interactions without direct intervention of a researcher. ex: observing people's behavior in public spaces
Secondary Data
Data collected by originally someone else, perhaps for a different reason
Ethics Committee
Reviews research proposals to ensure they adhere to ethical guidelines: protects the rights, safety, and well-being of participants. Assesses potential risks, benefits, and value of study
Explain a Box Plot and its components
Used to show the distribution of numeric data values: minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum value
Thematic Analysis
Requires the researcher to establish themes that occur within the data
Elicited Self-Report Data
Information gathered directly by asking participants to report on their own thoughts feelings, experiences through a structured interview or questionnaire
Special Populations
Individuals who are unable to give their full consent: children, fetuses, minors, prisoners, pregnant women, individuals with cognitive impairments, and non-human animals
Define IRB and its responsibilities
The International Review Board reviews research involving human subjects to ensure the research is ethical, and protects the rights and welfare of participants
Histogram
A sample's distribution for a single variable
Descriptive Statistics
Tell the researcher about the characteristics of their sample
Naturally Occurring Self-Report Data
Information about an individual's thoughts, feelings, behaviors collected from real world sources without intervention of researcher. ex: social media posts, online reviews, personal blogs, casual conversation of experiences
Debriefing Information
Process of fully informing participants about the study once their participation is finished
Confidentiality
The ethical obligation of researchers to protect the privacy of participants by ensuring that personal information collected during a study is not disclosed to unauthorized individuals
The Standard Deviation does what
Measures how spread out a variable or a distribution is
Content Analysis focuses on ...
What is being communicated (in talk, images, film) to whom, and with what effects
Generalizable Data can be applied to a large population, it's a measure of ____ , and the sample must be ____ .
how useful the results of a study are / representative of the population being studied
Explain the US Public Health Service Study in Tuskegee: what were the ethical implications of this study?
Study observed the natural history of untreated syphilis in black men in Tuskegee, Alabama
Researchers did not obtain informed consent from participants, and did not offer treatment even after it became available
What is the Belmont Report and its three principles
Outlines the ethical principles for conducting research of human subjects.
Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice
What is a bar plot? what is special about it? and what type of data is this graph best suited for
A graphical way to show how often something occurs within different categories
The bars may be swapped around
It's best suited for categorical data
Testing Effects
The finding that later performance on a test is enhanced if participants are familiar with the test instrument itself and can recall being exposed to it before