Diabetes Type 1
What is the primary treatment for type 1 diabetes?
Insulin
What is the first-line medication for type 2 diabetes?
Metformin
What is the primary glucocorticoid in the body?
cortisol
What are the main electrolytes located in the extracellular fluid?
sodium & calcium
What is the main neurotransmitter deficient in Parkinson's disease?
dopamine
What benzodiazepine is used for status epilepticus?
lorazepam, clonazepam, diazepam, midazolam
If a dose is 500 mg and the tablet is 250 mg, how many tablets are needed?
2 tablets
Name a rapid-acting insulin.
Lispro, aspart, glulisine
What is the primary action of sulfonylureas?
insulin secretion
Name a synthetic glucocorticoid.
What IV fluid is isotonic?
LR, 0.9%NS, D5W
What is combined with levodopa to prevent the medication from being decarboxylated in the periphary?
What is a common side effect of phenytoin?
gingival hyperplasia
If a drug is given at 2 mg/kg and the patient weighs 50 kg, what is the dose?
100mg
Name an insulin that has no peak.
Glargine, detemir, degludec
What is primary side effect of metformin?
GI upset
What condition is the main use of fludrocortisone?
Addison's disease
What electrolyte is critical for cardiac function?
Potassium
About 80% of client treated with this medication with experience drug-induced dyskinesias.
Levodopa
What newer drug is effective for seizures?
levetiracetam
What is the flow rate if 500 mL is infused over 5 hours?
100mL/hr
How should insulin be stored?
Fridge until open, stored at room temp once opened. 1 pen is good for 28 days once open.
What information would you want when a patient is on metformin and has an ordered CT with contrast?
Kidney Function
Name a drug that inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis.
Methimazole
What is a sign of hypercalcemia?
kidney stones
What education is important when a client begins taking a dopaminergic medication?
What are the two types of generalized seizures?
absence seizures & focal seizures
If a vial contains 10 mg/mL, how many mL are needed for a 20 mg dose?
2mL
Which therapy mimics natural insulin secretion?
This test is used to measure blood sugar levels over the past 60-90 days.
glycosylated hemoglobin A1c
What condition is treated with levothyroxine?
hypothyroidism
What is the treatment for severe hyponatremia?
hypertonic saline 3%
What symptom do anticholinergics primarily address?
tremors
What is the main concern of epileptic drugs in pregnancy?
Teratogenic effects
5 grams
What method of insulin administration is used most in the hospital setting with short/rapid-acting insulin?
Sliding scale coverage method
What is the FDA black box warning associated with popylthiouracil?
liver injury and acute liver failure
This refers to a state in which the concentration of solutes in a solution is lower than normal.
Hypoosmolality
What anticholinergic treats tremors in Parkinson's?
Benzotropine
What is the black box FDA warning regarding levetiracetam?
May cause serious or life-threatening behavioral manifestations and psychotic symptoms including aggression, hostility, homicidal ideation.
If a dose is 0.25 g and the tablet is 250 mg, how many tablets are needed?
1 tablet