Chapter 14
Define Social Psychology
The study of how living among others influences thoughts, behaviors, and feelings.
What are the 4 Ds?
Disturbance
Distress
Dysfunction
Deviant
Define CBT
Cognitive Behavioral therapy: an approach that combines techniques for restructuring irrational thoughts with operant and classical conditioning techniques to shape behavior.
What is a common treatment for bipolar disorder that has many potential and dangerous side effects?
Lithium
Define Social loafing and social facilitation.
Social Loafing: Phenomenon in which the presence of others allows one to relax their standards and slack off.
Social Facilitation: Phenomenon in which the presence of others improves ones performance.
Define obsessions and compulsions within OCD.
obsessions: unwanted thought, word, phrase, or image that persistently and repeatedly comes into a persons mind and causes distress.
Compulsion: repetitive behavior performed in response to uncontrollable urges or according to a ritualistic set of rules.
Define a token economy, systematic desensitization, and flooding. Both are types of Behavioral Psychotherapies
Token economy: desirable behaviors are reinforced with a token, which can be exchanged for privileges.
systematic desensitization: A technique often used for phobias, when the therapist pairs relaxation with gradual exposure to a phobic object.
flooding: where the client experiences extreme exposure to a phobic object.
Stanley Milgram; Shock panel with a teacher and a ”student”, the student is an actor and they want to see how long the teacher will follow directions from an authority figure.
Define the Bystander Effect and what case lead to the development of this theory?
The greater the number of the bystanders that witness an emergency, the less likely any are going to help.
The case of Kitty Genovese
What are the different symptoms categories of Schizophrenia and give me two examples of each?
Positive symptoms: hallucinations, delusions
Negative symptoms: emotional flatness, non-responsiveness, immobility, reduction of speaking, inability to repeat tasks
Cognitive symptoms: problems with working memory, attention, reasoning and problem solving, speed of processing, disordered speech.
Phenothiazines: diminish hallucinations, confusion, agitation, and paranoia
Traditional antipsychotics: block dopamine receptors to reduce symptoms: not used anymore due to many side effects
Atypical antipsychotics: block different dopamine receptors; reduces side effects
Define Informative Social Influence and Normative Social Influence.
Informative: conformity because one views another as a source of knowledge about what one is supposed to do.
Normative: conformity in order to be accepted by others.
Who conducted the first conformity test and what was it?
Solomon Asch, the line test with actors and one participants.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Generalized Anxiety disorder
PTSD
Specific Phobias
Social Anxiety Disorder: pronounced fear of humiliation or embarrassment in the presence of others or severe self-consciousness about one’s appearance, behavior or both.
GAD: A state of pervasive and excessive anxiety lasting at least 6 months.
Specific Phobias: a persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, situation, or activity.
PTSD: A type of trauma- and stressor-related disorder that involves intrusive and persistent cognitive, emotional, and physiological symptoms triggered by catastrophic or horrifying events.
List and define the four types of antidepressant drugs.
monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors: slow the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters.
Tricyclic antidepressants: block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI): make serotonin more available in the synapses.
Serotonin - Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI): boosts serotonin and norepinephrine
Klara is a mother of two children that were sick when they were children. She got so much support and love from the community during this time for being such a great mom. As they got older, they got better so Klara stopped getting so much support. She wanted more so she started giving her children pills in their food to produce stomach problems that they had to repeatedly go to the hospital for. Klara started receiving love and support once more. What is this an example of?
Factitious Disorder by Proxy
One week ago, Carla came in late to work. You leaned over to your coworker and said “Oh my gosh if she is too lazy to get up and be to work on time they should just fire her.” However, the next day, you rush into work late but know you shouldn’t be fired because the traffic is what caused your tardiness. What is this phenomenon called?
Fundamental Attribution Error
List and define the 4 personality disorders in Cluster B.
Histrionic personality disorder: the desire to the center of attention and does it by dramatic, seductive, flamboyant, and exaggerated behaviors.
Borderline personality disorder: characterized by out-of-control emotions, fear of being abandoned by others, they are also torn between idealizing and despising those close to them.
Narcissistic personality disorder: extremely positive and arrogant self-image, most of their time and attention are self-focused.
Antisocial personality disorder: characterized by extremely impulsive, deceptive, violent, ruthless, and callous behaviors. Can be seriously dangerous.
benzodiazepines and barbiturates
What are the three versions of bipolar disorder?
Bipolar I: is more severe involving full manic episodes that alternate with episodes of major depression.
Bipolar II: Less severe mania
Cyclothymia: a relatively mild form of bipolar disorder