Neuromuscular System
The term(s) used to describe the method for selecting what SKM motor unit will be engaged based on the workload.
What is the principle of orderly recruitment and size?
Primary rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis.
What is phosphofructokinase?
An RER of .94 would indicate _________.
What is CHO oxidation?
These two molecules transport O2, one in the blood and the other in SKM cells.
What are hemoglobin and myoglobin?
This calcium handling is different in cardiac muscle than SKM cells.
What is calcium-induced calcium release vs. CA+ released from SR?
The electrolyte concentrations creating -70mV resting membrane potential.
CHO, fat, and protein must be converted to this molecule to be used as an energy substrate.
What is acetyl Co-A?
This occurs at the onset of exercise when the body is unable to meet the demand for O2.
What is O2 deficit?
What are the load portion and unloading portion of the curve?
This electrical signal from this spreads to the chambers at the top of heart.
What is the SA node?
This begins with an action potential causing the release of a neurotransmitter which carries the signal across a synapse to the plasmalemma and triggers Ca++ release and contraction.
What is excitation-contraction coupling?
______ (atomic particles) are pumped into the _____causing a concentration gradient in the mitochondria.
What are protons and intermembrane space?
High VO2max, high % of type 1 fibers, high ecomony of effort, and high _____________ are essential for elite endurance athletes.
What is lactate threshold?
The way or form oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood.
What is hemoglobin and bicarbonate (HCO3)?
This neurotransmitter ___________decreases the heart rate, while another neurotransmitter ___________ increases heart rate.
What are acetylcholine and norepinephrine?
Three traits of Type 1 SKM fibers-peak tension contraction speed, energy system, SR development (high or low).
What are 110 ms,oxidative, and low SR development?
And oxidation-reduction reaction in Krebs Cycle.
What is a-ketoglutarate DH, Succinate DH, Malate DH, or Isocitrate DH?
__________ and ____________ are two metabolic by-products that contribute to fatigue.
What are Pi, H+, heat, lactic acid?
This law applies the principle that pressure X volume is constant-pressure decreases as thoracic volume increases and vice versa.
What is Boyle's Gas Law?
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
Two actions that signify the end of SKM shortening/contraction.
What are Z-dsk reaches myosin M line or Ca++ is pumped back into the SR?
The activity of this increases with training even after VO2max plateaus.
What are enzymes?
Time to exhaustion is shortest at _________ degrees.
This law states that the rate of diffusion is proportional to the surface area and difference in PP between two sides of the tissue. Greater pressure>diffusion
What is Fick's Law?
An increase in venous return will increase end diastolic volume and preload causing greater stretch in the cardiac muscle.
What is Frank Starling Law of the Heart?