Exam 1
What is the difference between natural selection and evolution?
Natural selection is mechanism behind evolution happens on a much smaller basis and shorter time frame.
What is a noncompetitive inhibitor?
What is the difference between the endocrine and paracrine systems?
Endocrine long range, paracrine short range
What is the function of telomerase?
Lengthening the telomeres at the ends of chromosomes
What are the three reactions that happen in glycolysis?
Glucose -> 2 pyruvate and 2H2O
4ATP -> 2ATP (net)
2NAD- + 4e- + 2H+
What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion?
Adhesion = Water + Another substance
Cohesion = Water + Water
What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?
Oxygen
cAMP is an example of...
A secondary messenger
What is the makeup of a bacteriophage and what do they infect?
Bacteria, made of protein and genetic material (RNA or DNA)
What is DNA methylation and what does it do?
Adds methyl groups to DNA and makes it less accessible, lessens transcription
Enantiomer: Mirror images of each other
Where do the light dependent and light independent reactions happen? (2 answers)
Thylakoids (LD) and Stroma (LID)
Meiosis: Gametic cells, genetically different, has 2 phases, produces 4 haploid cells
Mitosis: Somatic cells, genetically identical, 1 phase, 2 diploid cells
What is the model by which DNA is synthesized?
Semiconservative (1 strand old, 1 strand new)
What is the first and last steps of the Krebs cycle? How many steps are there total?
1. Citrate Made
8. Oxaloacetate made
Give an example of an ionic compound. What makes it an ionic compound?
Metal + nonmetal. Ex. NaCl, CaCl2, KI.
What function does Rubisco serve?
Catalyzes conversion of CO2 molecules into organic molecules in photosynthesis
If a man that is blood type AB and a woman that is blood type O have a child, what are the possibilities for their children?
Type A (IAi) or Type B (IBi)
What is acetylation and what does it do?
Adds acetyl group to histones that loosens chromatin and allows for more transcription
G protein, ligand, cellular response, GPCR, protein kinase A, Adenylyl cyclase, cAMP
Over what electronegativity difference value might you expect an ionic bond to form?
1.7
What are the two molecules that pass easily through the cell membrane?
CO2 and O2
If n=4, how many chromosomes would a gametic cell have in anaphase I?
4 (chromosomes vs. chromatids)
Explain the Avery-McCarty-Macleod experiment and its significance.
Showed the transformation agent of cells was DNA, as it was the only one out of the three enzymes (RNAase, DNAase, Proteinase) that stopped transformation.
Explain how the trp operon works.
When tryptophan is present, it acts as a corepressor that attaches to the actual repressor and represses the inducible operon, stopping transcription.