Dipsy
The method of DNA replication, where each original strand is used as a template to build a new strand, is called the...
Semiconservative method
Which enzymes add new nucleotides to the end of a growing strand?
Polymerase
What is the genetic material for all cellular organisms and some viruses?
DNA
Today, the fossil record
A) can be dated precisely within a single year, using DNA hybridization.
B) can be dated only in terms of how layers relate to each other (i.e. older layers are below younger layers); no actual dates can be estimated.
C)can be dated precisely within a single year, using radioactive isotopes.
D)can be dated reasonably well using a variety of radioactive isotopes with known half-lives.
E) can be dated reasonably well only with uranium-238.
can be dated reasonably well using a variety of radioactive isotopes with known half-lives.
Progressive changes in the fossil record are evidence for evolution because...
they show descent with modification
How does the organization of the bacterial genome differ from the organization of the eukaryotic genome?
Eukaryotic chromosomes have to be tightly packed to fit into the nucleus, and bacterial chromosomes do not require tight packing to fit into the cell.
A duplicate copy of all of the hereditary information contained in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is made during what stage of the cell cycle?
S phase
What is the sequence of events in a typical eukaryotic cell cycle?
G1 to S to G2 to mitosis to cytokinesis
In animals, the cells that will eventually undergo meiosis to produce gametes are set aside early in development. These are called
germ-line cells
The allelic make up of a cell or individual is referred to as its...
genotype
The observable expression of the genes present in an organism is called its
phenotype
A diploid organism that has two identical alleles for a given trait is called...
homozygous
If fertilization involves two gametes that contain different alleles of a given gene, the resulting offspring is:
heterozygous
What is the oxidized form of the most common electron carrier that is needed for both glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle?
NAD+
When oxygen is unavailable during heavy exercise, what process do muscle cells use for energy generation?
Glycolysis coupled with lactate fermentation
Organisms that depend on the energy stored in chemical bonds by other organisms for their food energy are called
Heterotrophs
What products of light reactions of photosynthesis are used in the Calvin cycle?
ATP and NADPH
Molecules that absorb light are called:
Pigments
In photosynthesis, ATP is made by
Chemiosmosis
In photosynthesis, carbon fixation occurs:
in the Calvin cycle
Transport of a solute across a membrane where the solute is going up its concentration gradient and using protein carriers driven by the expenditure of chemical energy, is known as
active transport
A drug binds to the active site of an enzyme. If it is bound to the active site of the enzyme, it prevents substrate binding. This drug would be considered a(n)
competitive inhibitor
Metabolic reactions fall under two general categories: anabolic and catabolic. What type of chemical reactions are these two classes of metabolic reactions?
Anabolic reactions are endergonic reactions, whereas catabolic reactions are exergonic
The amount of energy available to do work is called
Free energy
Atomic nuclei contain protons and
neutrons