Biological Macromolecules
This type of carbohydrate consists of a single sugar molecule
What is a monosaccharide?
The region of an enzyme where the substrate binds
What is the active site?
The movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.
What is diffusion?
The organelle where cellular respiration occurs.
What is the mitochondrion?
This scientist's X-ray diffraction images helped reveal the structure of DNA.
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
This polysaccharide is the primary storage form of glucose in animals
What is glycogen?
This term describes the lowering of activation energy by an enzyme
What is catalysis?
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
The first stage of cellular respiration.
What is glycolysis?
DNA replication is described as this because each new DNA molecule contains one old strand and one new strand.
What is semi-conservative replication?
The reaction that joins monomers together by removing water.
What is a condensation (dehydration synthesis) reaction
This occurs when an enzyme loses its shape due to extreme temperature or pH
What is denaturation?
This transport process requires ATP.
What is active transport?
This molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
What is oxygen?
During translation, these molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome.
What are tRNA molecules?
These are the four levels of protein structure.
What are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure?
This type of inhibitor binds directly to the active site and competes with the substrate.
What is competitive inhibition?
According to this model, membranes are composed of a fluid phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
What is the Fluid Mosaic Model?
The stage of photosynthesis where glucose is produced.
What is the Calvin Cycle?
This hormone lowers blood glucose levels.
What is insulin?
This type of lipid forms the main structure of cell membranes
What is a phospholipid?
This occurs when increasing substrate concentration no longer increases reaction rate.
What is enzyme saturation?
Explain the difference between passive and active transport.
Passive transport moves substances down a concentration gradient without ATP; active transport moves substances against a concentration gradient using ATP.
Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen used in cellular respiration, while respiration produces carbon dioxide and water used in photosynthesis.
Place the following in the correct order of a reflex arc: Motor Neuron, Stimulus, Sensory Neuron, Interneuron, Response.
Stimulus → Sensory Neuron → Interneuron → Motor Neuron → Response.