Make a Schedule
Every time a pigeon pecks at the wall, it is reinforced with a food pellet. This type of reinforcement schedule is present in this example.
What is a Fixed Ratio, Continuous Reinforcement Schedule?
All of the four, main categorized functions of behaviour are related to these types of consequences that either decrease or increase behaviour.
What is Reinforcement and Punishment?
Any consequence that results in a behaviour increasing can be referred to as this.
What is Reinforcement?
In Ontario, in order to be able to legally call yourself a "Behaviour Analyst", you must be registered with this organization.
What is The College of Psychologists and Behaviour Analysts of Ontario?
This signals the availability of reinforcement.
What is discriminative stimulus (SD)?
Every second Thursday of the month, your friend from a different department visits you and you have lunch together. On those Thursdays, you seem to always complete all of your work tasks before lunch. This kind of reinforcement schedule is likely present in this example.
What is a Fixed Interval?
Your neighbour asks you to clear their walkway of snow and offer you $10 to complete this task because they do not have time to complete this task. You complete the task and get paid $10. What are 1) The function(s) of the behaviours and 2) The kind(s) of reinforcement that may be involved in this example.
You - 1) Tangible reinforcement. 2) Positive reinforcement.
Neighbour - 1) Escape. 2) Negative reinforcement
Punishment and this phenomenon both result in the decrease of behaviour. However, this phenomenon differs from punishment because it does not involve behaviour being followed by consequences.
What is Extinction?
Before the regulation of ABA in Ontario, this international certification board had created ethical codes for behaviour analysts to follow.
What is Behaviour Analyst Certification Board (BACB)?
This is an antecedent stimulus that changes the value of consequences and impacts the probability of a behaviour occurring.
What is motivating operation?
A basketball player is practicing their jump shot. They make a lot of their shots, but the shots are made inconsistently. This seems to make the player continue to practice. This type of reinforcement schedule is likely present in this example.
What is Variable Ratio?
You have a mosquito bite. It's very itchy. You scratch the bite, and the itch goes away for a little while. What are 1) the function(s) of the behaviour and 2) the kind(s) of reinforcement that may be involved in this example.
1) Automatic/sensory. 2) Negative reinforcement
You are playing a Jeopardy game in class. You answer a question. Every time you answer a question, you are given a candy. You answer more questions as you continue to accumulate candy. This is likely functioning as positive reinforcement in this example.
What is Candy?
This is the professional association for behaviour analysts in Ontario.
What is The Ontario Association for Behaviour Analysis (ONTABA)?
Consequences that decrease behaviour are known as this.
What is Punishers/Punishment?
A student is studying for the BBP182 Exam. Every now and then (sometimes every 10 minutes, sometimes, every 30 minutes etc.) the student's partner tells them they are impressed that the student is working so hard. This results in the student continuing to study. This type of reinforcement schedule is likely present in this example.
What is Variable Interval?
A child cries. The child's parent picks them up and sings to them. The next time the child sees their parent, they cry. What are 1) the function(s) of the behaviour(s) and 2) the kind(s) of reinforcement that may be involved in this example.
Child - 1) Attention. 2. Positive reinforcement
Parent - 1) Escape. 2. Negative reinforcement
One day you go for a walk and you encounter a dog barking at you in a specific location. The next day you go for a walk again, but take a different route to avoid/escape the barking dog. Your behaviour of taking the route with the barking dog has been...
What is positively punished?
Van Houten and colleagues (1988) outlined six of these.
What are rights in relation to effective behavioural treatment?
Consequences that increase behaviours are known as this.
What is Reinforcers/Reinforcement?
A sales team hits their monthly sales targets three months in a row. The district manager gives every employee on the sales team a bonus at the end of each month. In the fourth month, the sales team hits their sales targets again. The district manager does not give the employees a bonus at the end of the fourth month. In the fifth and sixth months, the sales team does not hit its monthly sales targets. This phenomenon has likely occurred.
What is Ratio Strain?
An employee is asked by their supervisor to move some boxes in the back room of a store. The employee makes a face, touches their back, and says "my back hurts". The next day, the supervisor does not ask the employee to move the boxes. What are 1) the function(s) of the behaviour(s) and 2) the kind(s) of reinforcement/punishment that may be involved in this example.
Employee - 1) Escape. 2) Negative reinforcement
Supervisor - 1) Access (help, task completion). 2. Positive punishment
One day you go for a walk and you encounter a dog barking at you in a specific location. The next day you go for a walk again, but take a different route to avoid/escape the barking dog. The different route does not result in you seeing a barking dog and you begin to take the new route regularly. Your behaviour of taking a new route has been...
What is negatively reinforced?
Standards of practice, ethical codes, and regulation of professions exist to promote this/these.
What are safety/protection for service users, protection/integrity of professions, conforming with laws/societal norms?
Money, gold stars, high-fives, and praise are all examples of this this class of reinforcers/reinforcement.
What is Conditioned?