Unit 1/2
What is Uncle Tom's Cabin?
An influential novel published in 1852 that portrays the evils of slavery.
What is the 14th Amendment?
Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
What is the song "Strange Fruit" about?
It is a protest song about lynching
Define "Jim Crow"
Refers to laws created to limit the rights of African Americans, specifically voting rights.
What is the Three-Fifths compromise?
A compromise in the Constitution regarding the issue of counting enslaved people for the purposes of representation in Congress. An enslaved person would be counted as three-fifths of a person instead of as a full person.
What is the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?
a secret society established after the Civil War to prevent African Americans from voting and preserve white power in the South. In the 1920s, the KKK targeted groups such as Catholics, Jews, and immigrants in addition to African Americans
Define lynching
the public killing of an individual who has not received any due process. Historically, the killing is carried out by a mob, which can range in size from a small number of people to the hundred or even thousands. The majority of lynchings were perpetrated against Black people (72%)
Why did World War I have an effect on the Great Migration?
The men who left to go fight in the war left behind factory jobs. Businesses needed to fill these positions, so they began hiring African Americans. Before World War I, there was still hiring discrimination in the North
Why did John Brown take over the armory at Harper's Ferry?
His ultimate goal was to bring an end to slavery by any means necessary.
Explain the difference between the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment.
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Lincoln during the Civil War that freed enslaved people in Confederate states, whereas the 13th Amendment officially abolished slavery in the entire United States.
What was the Red Summer of 1919?
This term referred to the summer of 1919, in which there were 25+ bloody race riots in cities throughout the U.S. Chicago had the worst riot in the country that summer.
Identify one push factor and one pull factor of the Great Migration
Push factors include: Segregation laws, poverty, discrimination/racism, no jobs, violence/lynching in the South
Pull factors include: Factory jobs in Northern cities, hope for more tolerance/less racism, less violence in the North
Define overt resistance (200 points). Identify one example of overt resistance (200 points).
An act of resistance that an enslaver would notice, and if an enslaved person was caught resisting in this way, they would be punished severely. These acts of resistance were always noticed by enslavers.
Examples: leading a violent rebellion, running away on the Underground Railroad
What did the Compromise of 1877 bring to an end?
The Reconstruction Era
Who was Ida B. Wells?
She was an African American female journalist. She published statistics about lynching, and traveled the world to raise awareness for issue of lynching.
Explain the difference between Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education
Plessy established in 1896 that segregation was legal ("separate but equal). Brown v. Board of Ed overturned Plessy and said that segregation was no longer legal in schools and that schools had to be integrated.
Define covert resistance (250 points). Identify one example of covert resistance (250 points).
Covert resistance is hidden/subtle resistance by enslaved people. These acts of resistance would most likely not have been seen by enslavers and/or these acts of resistance could have been blamed on other things. Some examples of covert resistance include learning to read (in secret), singing spiritual songs that contained coded messages, and breaking tools to slow work.
What is the 15th Amendment?
Why was Emmett Till's murder considered a lynching?
His murder fits the definition of lynching - he was accused of a crime but not given any due process. A small group of white men kidnapped him and killed him publicly because he was a Black child.
Explain at least one difference between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois' philosophies on civil rights.
DuBois believed that African Americans should always fight back against segregation and he emphasized African Americans going to college (i.e. "white collar" jobs).