INTRODUCTION
The neck is (superior/inferior) to the torso
superior
What are the four tissue categories?
Muscle, epithelial, connective, and nervous
What are the three layers of skin?
Epidermis (outer), dermis (middle), hypodermis (inner, layer of fat)
Name 3 functions of bones
structure/support, produce red blood cells, store fat, store calcium, protect organs, act as levers for muscles
What makes bones hard?
Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate crystal)
The hand is (proximal/distal) to the shoulder
distal
What is the main function(s) of muscle tissue and where is it found?
Function is movement. Found on bones, heart, and organs for both voluntary and involuntary movement
What is the function of arrector pili muscles?
They contract during cold temps or emotional states to raise hair follicles (goosebumps)
What is a joint?
The site where a bone meets another bone
What makes bone strong?
collagen (protein fibers)
The left lung is (medial/lateral) to the heart
lateral
What is the main function(s) of nervous tissue and where is it found?
Function is sending messages through the body. Found all throughout the body, especially brain and spinal cord.
What is the function of sebaceous glands?
produce oils
What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?
Compact bone does not have as much space between the cells (more dense) and spongy bones have trabeculae (which creates holes in the spongy bone making it less dense). Compact bone is thus heavier and stronger.
Moving the limb AWAY from the midline of the body is called:
abduction (adduction is the opposite)
The navel (belly button) is (anterior/posterior) to the spine
anterior
What is the main function(s) of epithelial tissue and where is it found?
Function is protection, secretion/excretion of hormones/fluids. Found covering body and covering organs. Glands are also epithelial tissue.
What is the difference between eccrine and apocrine glands?
Eccrine: sweat glands on whole body, active one's whole life
Apocrine: activate during puberty, only found in armpits, nipples, and anogenital region, cause odor
What's the difference between red and yellow bone marrow?
Red is where blood cells are made (hematopoiesis) and yellow is fat storage
INCREASING the angle of a joint is called (flexion/extension)
extension
Describe 3 ways a molecule can cross the cell membrane
1. Simple diffusion: a small, uncharged molecule diffuses directly across the phospholipid bilayer
2. Facilitated diffusion: an ion (charged molecule) diffuses through a protein channel
3. Endocytosis/exocytosis: molecules cross the membrane through a vesicle
What is the main function(s) of connective tissue and where is it found?
Functions include filling space, binding things together, support, fat storage, making blood cells. Found pretty much everywhere in body
Which sensations are felt by lamellated corpuscles, tactile corpuscles, and free nerve endings?
LC: deep pressure
TC: Light touch
FNE: pain/temperature
What's the difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
Blasts Build, Clasts Cut down (osteoblasts build new bone matrix, osteoclasts break down bone matrix)
Rotating the bone around its own axis is called (rotation/circumduction)
rotation (circumduction is moving the limb in circles)