Mystery
The view that development is a cumulative process, gradually adding to the same type of skills is known as ________.
a. nature
b. nurture
c. continuous development
d. discontinuous development
c. Continuous development
Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________.
Milestones
Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant’s needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Erikson’s developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?
trust vs. mistrust
Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?
Secure
The five stages of grief are:
denial, ______, bargaining, _______, and acceptance.
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
Which theorist proposed that moral thinking proceeds through a series of stages?
Lawrence Kohlberg
________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
A. Artistic
B. Cognitive
C. Emotional
D. Psychosocial
B. Cognitive
Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ________ level of Kohlberg’s theory of morality.
A. post-conventional
B. pre-conventional
C. conventional
D. concrete operational
A. post-conventional
Carissa’s parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?
permissive
The goal of hospice care is to provide
A. medical options for the treatment of terminal illnesses so that death can be avoided.
B. death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting.
C. liaisons to experimental treatments that might not be readily available for some patients.
D. legal options for family members making medical decisions on the part of another.
B. death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting.
According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, what is the main task of the adolescent?
a. developing autonomy
b. feeling competent
c. forming an identity
d. forming intimate relationships
c. forming an identity
What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
genetics/genes/biology
After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?
D. Integrity vs. despair
Early maturing girls are ________.
A. at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders
B. less likely to drop out of high school
C. more confident
D. more likely to go to college
A. at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders
Ross has learned that he has Parkinson’s disease, and that in time he will lose some of his cognitive faculties. He and his wife have a lawyer draw up a document that names her a health care ________ who will be able to make medical decisions for Ross when he is unable to do so for himself.
A. beneficiary
B. designee
C. proxy
D. executor
C. proxy
What is the correct order of prenatal development?
zygote, embryo, fetus
When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we’d say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory.
a. continuous
b. unidirectional
c. discontinuous
d. bidirectional
c. Discontinuous
During Piaget’s proposed ________ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly.
A. concrete operational
B. formal operational
C. preoperational
D. sensorimotor
A. concrete operational
During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the ________ lobe of the cerebral cortex.
frontal
Who developed the five stages of grief?
Elizabeth Kübler-Ross
The child uses the parent as a base from which to explore her world in which attachment style?
a. secure
b. insecure avoidant
c. insecure ambivalent-resistant
d. disorganized
a. secure
What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
environment and culture
________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.
Schemata
Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?
A. avoidant
B. disorganized
C. resistant
D. secure
B. disorganized
What is an advanced directive?
A. A legal document that bars anyone from providing resuscitative care if one’s heart should stop or they stop breathing.
B. A statement of what a person wants done with their estate, including who their possessions should go to.
C. A legal document that provides specific interventions that a person wants.
D. An indication of what a person wants for their own funeral ceremonies (including requesting that no funeral be held).
C. A legal document that provides specific interventions that a person wants.
Which of the following is the order of stages in Kübler-Ross’s five-stage model of grief?
a. denial, bargaining, anger, depression, acceptance
b. anger, depression, bargaining, acceptance, denial
c. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
d. anger, acceptance, denial, depression, bargaining
c. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, “Look mommy, truck!” This exemplifies ________.
assimilation
Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?
A. changes in the workforce
B. changing cultural expectations
C. taking longer to complete a college degree
D. younger average age for marriage
D. younger average age for marriage
A _____ states that if a person stops breathing or their heart stops beating, medical personnel such as doctors and nurses are not to take steps to revive or resuscitate the patient.
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Order