Psychological Therapies
Therapists use techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate the client’s growth.
Client Centered Therapy
Treatment of psychological disorders that involves changing the brain’s functioning by using prescribed drugs, electroconvulsive therapy, or surgery.
Biomedical Treatment
The tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition.
Fundamental Attribution Error
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of the alternatives.
Groupthink
A belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.
Attitude
A crucial part of client-centered therapy that consists of paraphrasing, clarifying, and reflecting feelings
Active listening
A now rare form of psychosurgery once used to try to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients.
Lobotomy
Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Conformity
Proximity
Physical Attraction
Similarity
The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
The bystander effect
When a therapist uses techniques from various forms of therapy they are using:
The eclectic approach
A category of medications used primarily to treat schizophrenia.
Antipsychotic
The tendency for people to have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
Foot-in-door phenomenon
An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members.
Prejudice
In social relations, taking action against a group of people because of stereotyped beliefs and feelings of prejudice.
Discrimination
A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).
Aversive conditioning
The most serious side effect of electroconvulsive therapy
Memory Disruption
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
Social loafing
The tendency to favor one’s own group.
Ingroup bias
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others.
Altruism
A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
Systematic Desensitization
A therapy for major depression in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
Electroconvulsive therapy
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.
Deindividualization
The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases our liking of them.
Mere exposure effect
An operant conditioning procedure that attempts to modify behavior by giving rewards for desired behaviors.
Token Economies