Chapters 7+8
A program the U.S. government that provides financial assistance and welfare benefits to individuals who meet requirements set by law (e.g., people with mental or physical disabilities). Entitlement programs are administered through Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security disability insurance, and similar funding sources.
What is the Entitlement Program?
The single largest federal government program today that provides money for retired workers, their beneficiaries, and workers with disabilities. For beneficiaries over the age of 65, SS provides the largest component of their total income and it is the largest share of income for the aged.
What is Social Security?
A public school that operates as a school of choice.
What is a charter school?
Government actions affecting environmental quality and natural resource use, including conservation efforts and public health concerns such as pollution control.
What is environmental policy?
The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
What is globalization?
Higher earners should pay higher taxes both in terms of actual dollars and as a percentage of income.
What is a progressive tax?
Currently known as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which provides low income households with financial resources to purchase food. Eligible participants, who need to meet certain resources and income requirements are allotted a dollar amount based on the size of their household.
What is the food stamp program?
Clause in the First Amendment that states that Congress shall make no law prohibiting the free exercise of religion.
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
Industry and other stakeholders work cooperatively with government officials.
What is collaborative decision making?
The action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of the consequences.
What is deterrence?
Commodities that the public sector provides free or cheaply because the government wishes to encourage their consumption.
What is a merit good?
A statistical measure of economic inequality in a population. The coefficient measures the dispersion of income or distribution of wealth among the members of a population.
Intended to improve education by promoting competition among schools. The government provides a certain dollar amount that parents can then apply to private or parochial school tuition or as part of the full cost of a public school education.
What are school vouchers?
Environmental quality standards are set and enforced according to the language of each statute, with the agency having discretion to set consistent standards.
What is Direct Regulation?
The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.
What is terrorism?
Established in 1965 as Title XIX of the Social Security Act. It is designed to assist the poor and disabled through a federal-state program of health insurance.
What is Medicaid?
A refundable federal income tax for low-income working individuals and families.
What is the Earned Income Tax Credit?
Also known as The Nation's Report Card, is to measure the educational achievement and progress of the nation's students at established grades and ages
What is the National Assessment of Educational Progress?
A government document outlining the impact of a proposed project on its surrounding environment.
What is the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)?
An international organization dedicated to providing financing, advice, and research to developing nations to aid their economic advancement.
What is the World Bank?
Promote health services that are the most cost-effective, such as ensuring regular physicals and certain medical screening tests, limiting access to costly services and specialists, and negotiating lower fees with health care providers.
What is the Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)?
A program for which eligibility is based on a determination that income and/or assets of the beneficiary are insufficient to provide the beneficiary with an adequate standard of living without program assistance.
What are means-tested programs?
In 2015, President Obama signed a new version of the federal education law, which reversed much of the federal government's control of public education and returned control to the states and local districts.
What is the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)?
An international agreement calling for industrialized nations to significantly reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.
What is the Kyoto Protocol?
A system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.
What is realpolitik?