Wooldridge
Replacement, enhancement, and surveillance by AI can lead to _______ from what we produce, from our creative powers, and from each other (Hint: Karl Marx had a theory about this).
What is Alienation?
The three elements of a Weapon of Math Destruction (WMD).
What are Opacity, Scale, Damage?
These can lead people to misunderstand how well a machine can do a task that is typically associated with humans. (Hint: "learning" is an example)
What are Suitcase Words?
"Smoking causes cancer" is an example of _____ causation.
What is Type Causation?
“. . . perhaps if we situated racist "glitches" in the larger complex of social meanings and structures, we too could approach them as a signal rather than as a distraction.”
Who is Ruha Benjamin?
Wooldridge characterizes this differently than Brooks, writing it "roughly equates to having a computer that has the full range of intellectual capabilities that a person has."
What is Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)?
The harms of AI models can be exacerbated through this: An event of type A causes an event of type B, which in turn causes events of type A, which in turn causes events of type B.
What is a Feedback Loop?
The tendency to overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate the effect in the long run.
What is Amara's Law?
According to Alison Gopnik, language, libraries, and LLMs are all this, meaning they are ways to pass on information to future generations.
What is Cultural Technology?
“What we really need is AI that is smart enough to know when it is being used to spew falsehood.”
Who is Gary Marcus?
Entities whose behavior can be most usefully understood and predicted by the method of attributing to them beliefs, desires, and rational choice.
What is an Intentional System?
O'Neil calls these "opinions embedded in mathematics."
What are Models?
At times ChatGPT can do amazing things. However, its prone to "hallucinations," highlighting this distinction discussed by Chomsky and Brooks.
What is Performance vs. Competence?
Beliefs aim to fit the world; Desires aim to fit the world to them.
What is Direction of Fit?
“. . . extinction is more than a simple form of inhibition. It is a sophisticated form of learning. . . ”
Who is Luiz Pessoa?
The practical, common-sense capability that fully developed adults have to be able to reason about the mental states–beliefs, desires, and so on–of others and themselves.
What is Theory of Mind (ToM)?
WMDs routinely lack data for the behaviors they’re most interested in. So they substitute stand-in data, also known as this.
What are Proxies?
Physical and market limitations prevent technology from growing at the same speed forever, disproving this idea.
What is Exponentialism?
This can be thought of in two ways: how we look at the world or something used to control people.
What is Ideology?
“The computer learned from the humans how to discriminate, and it carried out this work with breathtaking efficiency.”
Who is Cathy O'Neil?
A form of AI specifically designed to be focused on a narrow task and to seem very intelligent at it.
What is Weak AI?
Society prioritizes _____ whereas models prioritize _____, reflecting a tension between values and profit motives.
What is Fairness and Efficiency?
This refers to the world that can be sensed by a creature.
What is Merkwelt?
Concepts get content from the roles they play in theories.
What is Theory Theory of Concepts?
“ML systems, tools that fundamentally classify, order, and predict, I argue, are practices that reincarnate Cartesian and Newtonian worldviews that seek stable, predictable, and complete understanding.”
Who is Abeba Birhane?