Ocean & Climate
What causes surface ocean currents?
Wind
What is the smallest unit of matter?
Atom
Which type of bond shares electrons?
Covalent
What scale measures mineral hardness?
Mohs scale
What gas is involved in the carbon cycle?
Carbon dioxide
What direction do currents curve in the Northern Hemisphere?
Right
Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
Proton
What is the octet rule?
Atoms want 8 valence electrons
Which is a nonrenewable resource: wind, solar, or coal?
Coal
Which process takes in carbon dioxide?
Photosynthesis
How do warm ocean currents affect nearby climates?
They make climates warmer
What determines an element’s atomic number?
Number of protons
What type of bond forms between a metal and a nonmetal?
Ionic
What is the formula for density?
Mass ÷ volume
What is the main energy molecule in cells?
ATP
Compare the movement of gyres in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Northern = clockwise; Southern = counterclockwise
An atom has 8 protons and 10 neutrons. What is its atomic mass?
18
Compare ionic and covalent bonding in terms of electron movement.
Ionic = transfer; Covalent = sharing
Explain the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources.
Renewable replenish quickly; nonrenewable take millions of years
Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
Electron Transport Chain
Explain how a cold ocean current could affect both temperature and precipitation in a coastal region.
It cools the air and reduces evaporation, leading to cooler, drier climates
Explain how the number of protons and electrons affects whether an atom is neutral or charged.
Equal = neutral; unequal = charged (ion)
Predict the type of bond between two nonmetals and explain why it forms.
Covalent; they share electrons to fill outer shells
Why is density a more reliable way to identify minerals than color?
Density is constant; color can vary
Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration depend on each other.
Photosynthesis makes oxygen & glucose; respiration uses them and returns CO₂ & water