Research Method
A researcher would need to select a larger _____ to minimize the margin of error and maximize the level of confidence (with their findings).
What is sample size?
____ can occur when a researcher is choosing a smaller groups of people from a larger population.
Sampling Error
The ____ score is also the average score.
What is the mean score?
_______ sampling is similar to "first come, first serve" to participate in a research study
What is Convenience?
_______ data is rank ordered from lowest to highest.
What is ordinal data?
It's the type of research when we know a lot about a topic, so we wish to just learn and explain more about it.
What is Explanatory research?
When a researcher rejects the null hypothesis (Ho) when (if they could run the study again) should have retained the null.
What is Type I error?
Beyond Keanu Reeves, researchers will calculate relationships between variables that are displayed in a grid pattern with the 1.00s in a diagonal.
What is a Correlation Matrix?
This type of sampling uses study subjects as a referral for other people that have not been recruited into the study *like word-of-mouth
What is Snowball Sampling?
It's the level of measurement that is real numbers (and we can do math)
What is Ratio?
Beyond descriptive statistics, it's the type of statistics that researchers use to test hypotheses and look at interactions between indep variables and dependent variables.
What is Inferential statistics?
It's the type of error when a researcher should have rejected the null hypothesis (Ho), but they failed to reject in their study.
What is a Type II error?
_____ is traditionally the smallest confidence level that researchers will typically accept.
What is 95% (confidence)?
This method is used when a researcher does not wish to recruit everyone, but is wishing to study a specific group of people.
What is Purposive Sampling?
It's the single subject design that measures a case, then introduces the intervention, then withdraws the intervention, then reintroduces the intervention.
What is ABAB?
__________ refers to the outcome variable being observed for any changes through research.
What is the dependent variable?
It's the letter that a researcher is looking for after running their statistical analysis that tells them if the probability of their findings was greater or less than 5%
What is p (for probability)?
It's a research design when a researcher splits up their sample into 4 groups and each group gets either pretested or not, given the intervention or not, and all get posttested.
What is a Solomon 4-group design?
What is Simple Random Sampling?
It's the statistic used when we have 2 group means to compare.
What is the t-test?
It's the name of the following research design:
R O X O
R O O
What is (randomized) pretest/posttest?
The COVID-19 pandemic occurring after a research study has begun with subjects is an example of this type of Threat to Internal Validity of a research study
Historical event (which can change how respondents answer questions with surveys used as DVs)
It's the name of a process when research methods are also used to review and understand the processes and efficacy of agencies or organizations.
What is Program Evaluation?
An example of this sampling method would be if a researcher randomly chose a few neighborhoods in the country, then determined ethnic background % of the neighborhoods, then sampled proportionally based on each neighborhood's ethnic %s.
What is Stratified Random Sampling?
It's the statistic that we use when we only want to learn if two variables are relating to each other (with no real IV or DV).
What is Correlation (r)?