Food Production
Linguistics
Study of Culture
Marriage, Family, and Kinship
Religion
100
What are the three major divisions of the Stone Age?
Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic
100
What is cross-fostering?
Raising another species offspring
100
What is culture?
Set of learned behaviors (beliefs, values, attitudes,) that are learned and shared
100
What is marriage?
is culturally sanctioned, establishes rights and obligations, determines how family interacts with each other
100
What is religion?
Any set of attitudes, beliefs, practices, pertaining to supernatural power
200
What is a state?
presence of hierarchal/centralized decision making affecting a substantial population
200
What are the three types of linguistics?
Descriptive, Historical, Sociolinguistics (Define each)
200
Ethnocentrism vs cultural relativism
E: thinking your culture is better than everyone else's CR: treated all cultures the same within their own merits
200
What are the two types of polygamy? Define each
Polygyny - one man, multiple women polyandry - one woman, multiple men
200
Monotheism vs. polytheism vs. animism
Monotheism - one God Polytheism - multiple gods Animism - belief in spirits in inanimate objects (ex. a totem)
300
What are some theories as to explain the origin of the state?
Irrigation, Population growth, War, Trade
300
What is codeswitching?
Speaking in different ways to different people
300
What is ethnography?
A detailed account of a culture. What about field work? Participant Observation?
300
Endogamy vs. Exogamy
Marriage inside a social group vs. marriage outside a social group
300
Sorcery vs. witchcraft
Sorcery - use of material objects Witchcraft - thought and emotion
400
What theories are used to explain the collapse of states?
War, civil unrest (scarcity of resources), exhausted resources, environmental disaster,
400
What is the difference between an open and closed system?
Open - blending sounds to create new ones, must have all of the elements in order to determine meaning Closed - finite set of sounds
400
Do non-human primates show examples of culture? How so?
Tool making, hygiene, medical use
400
What are the four marital residences pattern. Define.
Patrilocal, matrilocal, neolocal, bilocal
400
Shaman vs. Priests vs. Mediums
Shaman - part time specialist, often a healer, mediator of human and spirits Mediums - part time specialist with a healing role who is female Priests- full time, officiate public events, dependence on memorized ritual
500
What are some biological consequences of the Neolithic Revolution?
Gracile bones, joint diseases, low dental wear, high decay, high mortality, infectious diseases
500
What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?
Language affects how individual's perceive environments
500
What is a protolanguage?
An ancestral language.
500
What is the differences between unilineal and bilateral descent?
Unilineal - trace through one side of the family --> What are the two types? Bilateral -- trace family through both sides
500
What is a revitalization movement
An example of religious change that are new movements to help save the culture.
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