Exam 1
Exam 2
Exam 4
Exam 3
Vocab
100
What is Molarity?
Moles/Liters
100
What does phosphorylation mean?
the addition of a phosphate group
100
What do checkpoints do?
stop division if something is wrong
100
Are homologous chromosomes identical?
no, they are made of 2 different alleles (same gene, but different alleles)
100
Define: Element
pure substance containing only one kind of atom
200
What is an acid? Base?
Acid- releases H+ ions in water, base- releases OH- ions in water
200
Where does glycolysis take place?
the cytosol
200
Describe the difference between proto-oncogene and oncogene.
proto-oncogene= the normal version of a gene, Oncogene= the altered version of proto-oncogene
200
What holds sister chromatids together?
cohesion
200
Define: Active Transport
movement of substances across the membrane against a concentration and/or electrical gradient- requires energy
300
What are the four macromolecules
Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
300
What are the three parts to the cell theory?
1. cells are the fundamental unit of life 2. all organisms are composed of cells 3. All cells come from preexisting cells
300
Describe the leading strand.
the leading strand is oriented to grow continuously at its 3' end as the fork opens
300
What are the three stages of the calvin cycle?
carboxylation, reduction tp produce carbohydrates, regeneration of RuBp
300
Define: Microfilament
cytoskeleton component that is made of actin and is required for cell movement
400
What are the key features of DNA?
1. Double-stranded helix 2. has an uniform diameter 3. it is right-handed 4. it is antiparallel
400
Describe the difference between integral membrane proteins and peripheral membrane proteins
Integral membrane proteins- span the bilayer, transmembrane Peripheral- do not penetrate the bilayer.
400
What does DNA Polymerase I do?
replaces the primer with DNA
400
Cadherin bind (blank) to (blank). Integrin bind (blank) to (blank).
Cadherin bind cell to cell. Integrin bind cell to ECM.
400
Define: genome
the genetic material of an organism, organelle, or virus is transmitted to the next generation
500
Transcription requires what three things?
1. DNA template 2. nucleotides 3. the RNA polymerase enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of RNA
500
Name the products of glycolysis. (include amounts)
2 ATP, 2NADH, 2 Pyruvates
500
What percentage of the human genome is made of transposable elements?
45%
500
Name the 5 stages of mitosis and give a brief description of each stage
Prophase- spindle starts to form, prometaphase- nuclear envelope breaks down, metaphase- chromosomes line up, Anaphase- chromosomes start to move, telophase- new envelope starts to form
500
Define: Transposable elements
DNA sequences that can move from place to place in the genome
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