Diabetes
Asthma/COPD
Chronic Pain/Arthritis/Organ Donation
Alzheimer's Disease/Aging
Personal Responsibility Health Care
100
What are 2 key differences between type 1,type 2 and gestational diabetes?
Age; weight; genetic; insulin production; rate of onset; management through lifestyle gestational - pregnancy hormones; race; family history; age; BMI
100
What are 3 common asthma triggers?
Warm-blooded pets  House dust mites Cockroaches Pollens from grass and trees Molds  Irritants (i.e. smoke, scented products, air pollution, chemicals) Upper airway infections Exercise Strong expressions of feelings (crying, laughing) Changes in weather and temperature irritant vs. allergen
100
What are the risk factors for osteoarthritis?
Obesity** Age Joint injury Physical inactivity Genetics VS. RA
100
What are neurofibrillary tangles?
Tangles destroy a vital cell transport system made of proteins. A protein called tau helps the tracks stay straight. When tangles form: tau collapses and the tracks can no longer stay straight. Instead they fall apart and disintegrate. Nutrients and other essential supplies can no longer move through the cells, which eventually die.
100
Give an example of grassroots lobbying for heart disease.
Grassroots Lobbying - Educating the general public about a position on legislation and asking them to communicate this position to government officials.
200
What are the 4 main components of diabetes management?
Monitor Blood Sugar - Diet - Exercise - Medication
200
What happens physiologically during an asthma attack?
Swelling of the airways - increased mucus production - tightened chest muscles
200
What are the 3 main forms of arthritis treatment?
Lifestyle modification Medication Surgery
200
How is AD diagnosed?
Medical history Basic medical tests Mental status evaluation Neuropsychological testing Brain scans "The Forgetting"
200
Give an example of advocacy for arthritis.
Advocacy - A broad range of activities done in support of an idea or cause
300
Describe the process that occurs when a person with type 2 diabetes each a piece of bread (or other carbohydrate).
Converted to glucose - blood glucose rises - pancreas releases insulin - insulin deficient or insulin resistant - cells are starved for energy - blood sugar level is high
300
Define COPD, chronic bronchitis and chronic emphysema.
Chronic bronchitis - is the inflammation and eventual scarring of the lining of the bronchial tubes. Chronic emphysema - destruction of air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs where oxygen from the air is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood. Damage to the air sacs is irreversible and results in permanent "holes" in the tissues of the lower lungs.  As air sacs are destroyed, the lungs are able to transfer less and less oxygen to the bloodstream, causing shortness of breath and difficulty exhaling.
300
How do men and women experience pain differently?
Men have higher pain tolerance. Women: In general, have a lower pain tolerance recover more quickly from pain, seek help more quickly for their pain, are less likely to allow pain to control their lives, are more likely to use a variety of resources (coping skills, support, and distraction) WHY: Hormones Psychological and cultural factors
300
What are some the specific responsibilities that caregivers of AD patients in the early/mild stages of AD have?
MILD - forgetting with more frequency, substitute or make up words that sound like or mean something like the forgotten word; withdrawn — especially in socially or mentally challenging situations; put things in very odd places Moderate Alzheimer's - can't organize thoughts or follow logical explanations. They lose the ability to follow written instructions and often need help choosing proper clothing for the season or occasion. It's usually during this stage that people start having problems recognizing family members and friends. They tend to wander and may exhibit restless, repetitive movements Personality changes are common Severe Alzheimer's disease - require help with all their daily needs. They lose the ability to walk without assistance and then the ability to sit up without support. They are usually incontinent and may no longer speak coherently. They rarely recognize family members. Swallowing difficulties can cause choking, and they may refuse to eat.
300
Give an example of lobbying for diabetes.
Lobbying - Aimed at influencing government officials regarding a position on specific legislation and/or urging them to support that position
400
How can a person with diabetes treat hyperglycemia?
Insulin Oral Medications Exercise
400
How is COPD treated?
Medication (i.e. bronchodialators); smoking cessation; oxygen; pulmonary rehab (lifestyle modification); surgery
400
The waiting list for which of the following organs is the shortest? a. Kidney b. Heart C. Liver
B. Heart
400
What is the most common end of life trajectory?
Prolonged Dwindling *Short Period of Evident Decline *Long Term Limitation
400
What is one provision in the Affordable Care Act that specifically benefits people with chronic diseases?
Extends coverage Insurance regulation Some preventive care without copay *Watch video and/or go to healthcare.gov
500
Name and describe two long term complications of diabetes.
Retinopathy (other eye problems) Neuropathy Kidney Vascular disease Heart disease Sexual problems Foot problems Teeth and gum Stomach problems
500
What are the components of comprehensive asthma control?
1. Follow an individualized asthma management plan 2. Avoid or control exposure to things that make asthma worse 3. Use medication appropriately 4. Monitor response to treatment 5. Get regular follow-up care
500
What is 1 barrier to organ donation and how can it be addressed?
*Legislation *Payment *Strict guidelines to determine who receives an organ *Addressing racial disparities *Family member consent
500
What are 2 pros of gastrointestinal surgery as a treatment option for type 2 diabetes?
Diabetes Remission at 2 years 13% medical/behavioral therapy (1.7% weight loss) 73% LAGB (20.7% weight loss) RYGB – anti-diabetes mechanisms beyond those related to weight loss - increases insulin sensitivity? CONS of surgery?
500
What is the Hemoglobin A1C test?
The A1C number shows the amount of glucose molecules attached to the red blood cells. Reflects blood sugar control for the past 3 months. Most people with diabetes should have an A1C below 7% Every 1.0% drop in A1C can reduce microvascular complications by 40%.
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