What is aiding in splicing, transportation out of nucleus, protecting from degradation, enhancing translation of the mRNA?
100
This is the signal sequence of the mRNA for polyadenylation.
What is AAUAAA?
100
This is the coding region of mRNA/DNA.
This is the non coding region of pre-mRNA/DNA.
What is an exon? What is an intron?
100
The 40S ribosome searches for an AUG on the mRNA.
What is the scanning model of initiation?
100
This is very condensed chromatin which is not accessible for RNA pol, while this is decondensed chromatin, which the RNA pol can access.
What is heterochromatin/euchromatin?
200
This enzyme cuts off the last phosphate group from the 5' end of the mRNA by recognizing the phosophates.
What is RNA triphosphatase?
200
This enzyme cleaves after the signal sequence.
What is cleavage polyadenylation specificity factor? (CPSF)
200
The branch point OH attacks the 5' splice site. The OH now at 5' splice site attacks the 3' splice site. The exons are now together and the lariat gets degraded.
What are the steps of splicing? What is splicing?
200
In this sequence, the -3 and +4 nucleotides surrounding AUG are crucial for the 40S actually stopping there.
What is ACC(AUG)G?
200
This modification increases accessibility of the gene while this modification decreases accessibility.
What is acetylation/deacetylation, acetylation/phosphorylation, dephosphorylation/phosphorylation?
300
This enzyme adds a G to the 5'-PPmRNA.
What is RNA guanyl transferase?
300
These enzymes stimulate the nuclease activity of CPSF.
What are cleavage factors I, II? (CFI/II)
300
These consist of RNA and protein. There are 5 of them.
What are snRNPs? (small nuclear ribonuclear proteins)
300
By using this technique, researches discovered one protein with three subunits that was important for initiation.
What is affinity chromatography?
300
This RNA is endogenous while this type is either from a viral source or an addition by scientists.
What is miRNA, siRNA?
400
This enzyme adds a methyl group to the 5'-GPPPmRNA.
What is methyl transferase?
400
This adds the poly A tail after the cleavage event.
What is poly a polymerase (PAP)?
400
Occurs when certain exons are included and others are not depending on what protein will be made.
ex. from same pre-mRNA
E1, E2, E3, E4 protein one
E2, E3, E5 protein two
What is alternative splicing?
400
One method of this is by phosphorylating eIF2 which will bind to eIF2B so well that it won't dissociate, thereby preventing translation.
What is negative regulation?
400
This complex/part of complex will bind to the mi/siRNA, cleave off the loop (for miRNA), make them single stranded.
What is RISC (RNA induced silencing complex), dicer?
500
This occurs when the eIF4E is phosphorylated (causing it to bind 5x more than normal to the me7G cap).
What is positive regulation of translation?
500
This binds to the G/U rich region and stimulates CPSF cleavage activity.
What is cleavage stimulating factor (CstF)?
500
5' capping occurs right after initiation of transcription, splicing occurs during elongation, poly A tail is added at termination; termination occurs due to cleavage of mRNA and then coTC site self cleavage.
What is the coordination of mRNA processing?
500
This is when positive regulation of translation would be beneficial in a cell.
What is when the cell is replicating/dividing/active in cell cycle?
500
The single stranded siRNA can now either bind to other copies of itself or to host mRNA.
What are the possible outcomes of viral RNA being incorporated into dicer?