The Renaissance
What was the Renaissance?
The Reniassance was a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It occurred after the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages and was associated with great social change.
What was the Reformation?
The English Reformation took place in 16th-century England when the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church.
What was the Scientific Revolution?
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
What was the Mesoamerica Civilizations?
The Mesoamerica Civilization was the complex of indigenous cultures that developed in parts of Mexico and Central America prior to Spanish exploration and conquest in the 16th century.
What was the Age of Exploration? What led to it?
What was the Age of Exploration? - The Age of Discovery, or the Age of Exploration, is an informal and loosely defined term for the early modern period approximately from the 15th century to the 18th century in European history, in which sea-faring European nations explored regions across the globe.
What led to the Age of Exploration? - There are three main reasons for European Exploration. Them being for the sake of their economy, religion and glory. They wanted to improve their economy for instance by acquiring more spices, gold, and better and faster trading routes. Also, they really believed in the need to spread their religion, Christianity.
What are some things that led to the Renaissance?
Some causes for the emergence of the Reniassance following the Middle Ages, such as: increased interaction between different cultures, the rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman texts, the emergence of humanism, different artistic and technological innovations, and the impacts of conflict.
What was the printing press? Who was the creater of it and what was the effects did it have?
What was the printing press? - The printing press was one of the key factors in the explosion of the Renaissance movement. Access to standard works of science, especially, stimmulated and spread new ideas quicker than ever.
Who was the creator of the printing press? - Johannes Gutenberg
What effects did the printing press have? - The printing press had dramatic effects on Europe civilization. Its immediate effect was that it spread information quickly and accurately. This helped create a wider literate reading public.
What led to the Scientific Revolution?
One development that helped lead to the Scientific Revolution was the growth of humanism during the Renaissance. All of these developments the interest in ancient Greek writing, the growth of humanism, the experiments of alchemists came together in the early 1500s to bring about the Scientific Revolution.
In the Mesoamerica Civilizations, Who were the Mayans?
The Maya are an indigenous people of Mexico and Central America who have continuously inhabited the lands comprising modern-day Yucatan, Quintana Roo, Campeche, Tabasco, and Chiapas in Mexico and southward through Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras.
Th Mayan Civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its logosyllabic script, the most sophisticated and highly developed writing system in pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.
What were motivations for explorations?
Some key motives for Europeans during the Age of Exploration was they wanted to find a new sea route to Asia, they wanted knowledge, they wanted to spread Christianity, they wanted wealth and glory, and they wanted spices.
Why is the Renaissance so important to us?
The Reniassance teaches us the power of looking to the past for insights and inspiration in dealing with today's issues. Global exploration opened up new lands and cultures to European commerce. The Reniassance is credited with bridging the gap between the Middle Ages and modern-day civilization.
What were the 95 theses and what effect does it have?
What were the 95 These? - The 95 Theses or Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences is a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther, professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg, Germany.
What effects did the 95 Theses have? - By nailing his 95 These to the church door, Luther was trying to start a discussion. It was as thought he were putting a notice on a bulletin board and asking people to respond to his ideas. But his ideas proved so powerful that they sparked a protest that led to huge changes across Europe.
What was the Scientific Method?
The Scientific Method is an empirical method of aquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century. It invloves careful observation, applying rigorous skepticism about what is observed, given that cognitive assumptions can distort how one interprets the observation.
In the Mesoamerica Civilizations, Who were the Aztecs?
The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521.
Aztec, self name Culhua-Mexica, Nahuatl-speaking people who are in the 15th and early 16th centuries ruled a large empire in what is now central ann southern Mexico. The Aztecs are so called from Aztlan ("White Land"), an allusion to their origins, probably in northern Mexico.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas and why is it important?
The Treaty of Tordesillas was agreed upon by the Spanish and the Portuguese to clear up confusion on newly claimed land in the New World. The early 1400s brought about great advances in European exploration. In order to make trade more efficient, Portugal attempted to find a direct water route to the India and China.
What are some of the characteristics of Renaissance art?
1. Individualism. Showed individual people instead of groups.
2. Secularism. Fewer church paintings.
3. Classicism. Classic Roman and Greek influence.
4. Nature. Depicted the outdoors.
5. Anatomy. Focused on defined and precise human anatomy.
6. Linear perspective.
7. Realism.
8. Depth.
What was the Catholic Church's response to the Reformation?
What was the Counter-Reformation of the Roman Catholic Church? - The Counter-Reformation largely grew as a response to the Protestant Reformation and was a movement of reform within the Roman Catholic Church.
What were some theories about the solar system?
In astronomy, the heliocentric theory is the idea that the Sun is at the center of the Solar System. This theory explained many of the observations of astronomers. Some of its revolutionary ideas were that the Earth rotates on its axis daily and revolves around the Sun once a year.
In the Mesoamerica Civilizations, Who were the Incas?
The Incas were a civilization in South America formed by ethnic Quechua people also known as Amerindians. In 1400AD they were a small highland tribe, one hundred years later in the early 16th century the Incas rose to conquer and control the largest empire ever seen in the Americas forming the great Inca Empire.
The Inca Empire, also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was in the city of Cusco. The Incas civilization arose from the Peruvian highlands sometime in the early 13th century.
What is the Columbian Exchange and its impact on the world?
What is the Columbian Exchange? - Christopher Columbus introduced horses, sugar plants, and disease to the New World, while facilitating the introduction of New World commodities like sugar, tobacco, chocolate, and potatoes to the Old World. The process by which commodities, people, and diseases crossed the Atlantic Ocean and is known as the Columbian Exchange.
What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange? - The Columbian Exchange caused population growth in Europe by bringing new crops from the Americas and started Europe's economic shift towards capitalism. Colonization disrupted ecosytems, bringing in new organisms like pigs, while completely eliminating others like beavers.
In the Renaissance, Who are the key figures (leaders, popes, artists, writers), prominent family, and influencers?
Leader(s): Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was the very ideal of the Renaissance man - a supremely gifted painter, scientist, inventor and polymath.
Pope(s): Pope Leo X (born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, December 11, 1475 - December 1, 1521) was the pope and ruler of the Papal States from March 1513 to his death.
Who was the most important people during the Reformation?
Reformation, also called Protestant Reformation, the religious revolution that took place in the Western church in the 16th century. Its greatest leaders undoubtedly were Martin Luther and John Calvin.
During the Scientific Revolution, What was the Catholic Churhc like?
Before and during the Scientific Revolution, the Roman Catholic Church was a powerful force. Before the birth and growth of science, everyone looked up to the Church and believed all Churhc teachings and beliefs. After the birth and growth of science, conflicts between science and the Church arose.
In the Mesoamerican Civilizations, who were the leaders, important figures, beliefs, and how did they end as a society? What were the names of the empires?
Who were the leaders? - Mesoamerica was dominated by three cultures in the Pre-Classical (up to 200 CE) to Post-Classical periods (circa 1580 CE): the Olmec, Maya, and Aztec.
Who were the important figures? - Some of the most well-known Mesoamerican cultures are the Olmec, Maya, Zapotec, Teotihuacan, Mixtec, and Mexica (or Aztec).
What were some of the beliefs? - Mesoamerican religion is a complex syncretism of indigenous beliefs and the Christianity of early Roman Catholic missionaries. A hierarchy of indigenous supernatural beings (some benign, others not) have been reinterpreted as Christian deities and saints.
How did they end as a society? - The distinct Mesoamerican cultural tradition ended with the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Over the next centuries, Mesoamerican indigenous cultures were gradually subjected to Spanish colonial rule. Aspects of the Mesoamerican cultural hertiage still survive among the indigenous peoples who inhabit Mesoamerica.
What were the names of the empires? - Of all the world's ancient civilizations there are few more famous than the Maya and Aztec empires which developed across Mexico and Central America, within the area known as Mesoamerica.
In the Age of Exploration, who were the explorers, and where did they travel?
The Age of Exploration began in the nation of Portugal under the leadership of Henry the Navigator. Henry sent out ships to map and explore the west coast of Africa. They went further south than any previous European expedition and mapped much of western Africa for the Portuguese.