General Addition
These reagents cleave a C=C to form carbonyl fragments, often using DMS or Zn/H₂O as reductive workup.
What is ozonolysis (O₃)?
This two-step process achieves the Markovnikov addition of H and OH across a double bond without the rearrangement that can occur with simple acid-catalyzed hydration, typically using Hg(OAc)₂ followed by NaBH₄
What is oxymercuration-demercuration?
This addition reaction forms a bromonium ion intermediate and results in anti-addition across an alkene using Br₂ or Cl₂.
What is halogenation of an alkene
This type of dihydroxylation involves the addition of OHs on the same side of the double bond.
What is Syn Dihydroxylation?
This rule states that in hydrohalogenation, the hydrogen atom adds to the carbon already bearing more hydrogens.
What is Markovnikov’s rule?
In this alkene addition reaction, the hydrogen attaches to the carbon with more hydrogens, following Markovnikov’s rule.
What is hydrohalogenation?
This addition reaction adds hydrogen across a double bond using a metal catalyst like Pd, Pt, or Ni
What is hydrogenation?
These reagents are specific to halohydrin reactions.
What is H₂O and either Br₂ or Cl₂?
This term describes a reaction that gives different stereochemical outcomes depending on the stereochemistry of the starting alkene.
What is stereospecific?
This reaction adds H and OH across a double bond in the presence of sulfuric acid and water, forming an alcohol as the product.
What is acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene?
When Br₂ or Cl₂ is added across an alkene, the mechanism involves a three-membered ring intermediate (a halonium ion), forcing the two halogen atoms to add to opposite faces of the double bond.
What is anti-addition?
For anti dihydroxylation this reagent is used.
What is RCO₃H?
This term describes the preference for one direction of chemical bond-making or bond-breaking over others, like the OH group adding to the more substituted carbon in oxymercuration-demercuration?
What is regioselectivity?
This reagent combination results in anti-Markovnikov hydrobromination only when peroxides are present.
What is HBr with ROOR?
During Catalytic Hydrogenation two hydrogens are added across the double bond with this reagent?
These three mechanisms are used in Halohydrin reactions.
What is Nucleophilic attack, loss of leaving group, and proton transfer?