Module 11: States of Matter
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from the area of ___ concentration to ___ concentration.
high, low
What is Boyle’s law?
Boyle’s law states that when volume increases, pressure decreases and vice versa.
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Matter cannot be created or destroyed.
What substance is meant for speeding up a reaction?
A catalyst
If the pH of a substance is over 7, what is it?
Base
Which intermolecular force is a very strong dipole-dipole attraction?
Hydrogen bonding
What is Charle’s law?
Charle’s law states that when volume increases, temperature increases and vice versa.
Is the delta H positive or negative in an endothermic reaction?
Positive
What is activation energy?
The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction.
What is an amphoteric substance?
A substance that can act as both an acid and a base.
Name the 3 intermolecular forces and order them from strongest to weakest.
Hydrogen bonding, dipole dipole, dispersion.
What is the formula for combined gas law?
P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2
What is potential energy and kinetic energy and give an example of each.
Potential: energy of position/condition(stored) ex. Rollercoaster before it drops. Kinetic: energy of motion ex. running
What two factors must be present in order for particles to collide?
Sufficient energy and correct orientation.
What kind of arrow does a strong acid-base reaction include?
A single arrow pointing to the right.
What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
Cohesion is the attraction between the same molecules and adhesion is the attraction between different molecules.
What volume is occupied by 10 moles of NH3 at STP?
10 mol x 22.4 L/mol = 224 L
What is the formula for the specific heat of water?
4.184 J (g°C)
What is an activated complex?
An temporary and unstable arrangement of atoms that forms at the peak of activation energy.
What is a conjugate base?
The substance that remains after acid donates a proton.
Name 2 endothermic and exothermic phase changes.
Endothermic: Melting and vaporization, Exothermic: freezing and condensation
3.60L sample of gas is held at a constant temperature of 25 C and a pressure of 1.00 atm. If the pressure is increased to 2.50 atm, what will be the new volume of the gas?
The new volume is 1.44 atm.
How many calories are in 34.6J?
8.27 cal
What three factors can increase the rate of a reaction?
Surface area, concentration, temperature.
What is the formula for the ion-product constant of water?
[H+] [OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14