Hint - Torts
At common law the principle of ____________ governed the owner's liability for damage caused by his animals. For example, if a dog bit a person, liability depended upon proof that the owner of the dog knew or ought to have known of the animal's dangerous character. This was termed "the ____________ action", and sometimes incorrectly stated that every dog is entitled to one bite. The common law also recognized that certain animals were, by their nature, so dangerous to man that the keeper of them could not be heard to say that he did not know of their character. Fardon v. Harcourt-Rivington, [1932] All E.R. Rep. 81 per Lord Atkin
Principle of Scienter