Review Topics
Review Topics
Review Topics
Review Topics
Current Topics
100
What do enzymes do? How do competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors change this?
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy (do not directly participate). Competitive: directly bind active site and inhibit binding substance. Noncompetitive: bind allosteric site causing conformational change thus inhibiting binding substance.
100
What does a node in a phylogenic tree represent?
Divergence of lineages
100
What is the difference between endosymbiotic and symbiotic?
Endosymbiotic: smaller organism lives inside larger. Symbiotic: organisms live in direct contact with each other.
100
Explain the bottleneck effect.
A catastrophe happens leaving a different distribution of alleles in the new population than before.
100
Crypsis refers to…?
What is countershading in order to blend into surroundings when seem from both above and below
200
What is convergent evolution?
Two species from different lineages become similar due to environment (analogous structures).
200
Give an example of an R-strategist and a K-strategist
R- rabbit, K-humans
200
If you cross a color blind male with a color blind female, what is the probability that their male child is colorblind? Female?
both are 100%
200
The cells produced from meiosis are genetically the (same/different) and are (haploid/diploid). What about for mitosis?
Different, haploid. Opposite for mitosis.
200
A type of coral is generally red but turns grey when the ecosystem is unhealthy. What type of species is the coral?
Indicator species
300
Explain catabolic and anabolic reactions. Also, dehydration reactions and hydrolysis reactions.
Catabolic: break molecule into smaller. Anabolic: smaller molecules into larger. Dehydration: loss of water in forming compound. Hydrolysis: addition of water to break chemical bond.
300
Two species of wild chickens were separated 1,000,000 years ago by the formation of a river and evolved into different species. This is an example of what concept?
Allopatric Speciation
300
A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell? What will cause this?
Shrivel up due to osmosis.
300
Compare and contrast intrasexual selection with intersexual selection. Provide an example of each.
Intrasexual: competition for a mate. Intersexual: attracting a mate.
300
What is the difference between a parasite and a parasitoid?
Parasitoids slowly kill their hosts whereas parasites just kill them
400
A rattlesnake rattling is an example of _______ communication
Interspecific
400
What are the three reasons small populations are threatened by loss of genetic diversity?
Inbreeding, genetic drift, limited mating
400
Differentiate between primary active transport and secondary active transport. In which are uniporters, symporters, and antiporters used?
Primary: Directly uses energy, uniporter. Secondary: Utilizes pre-existing gradient from a reaction using energy, symporter/antiporter.
400
What is the difference between vertical and horizontal gene transfer?
Vertical: genetic information passed to descendant. Horizontal: genetic information passed directly between different species within same generation.
400
In a species of bird, it is beneficial to have either a long beak or a short beak. Intermediate beak lengths are not beneficial. What type of selection is this? (also, do you remember the others?)
Diversifying/Disruptive Selection- extremes favored (others are directional (one extreme favored), balancing (multiple alleles maintained), and stabilizing (intermediate favored))
500
Compare direct intercellular signaling, , autocrine signaling, paracrine signaling, and endocrine signaling.
Direct: ions passed through cell junctions between cytosols. Autocrine: cell signals itself. Paracrine: secretes and influences close cells. Endocrine: hormones long-distance through bloodstream.
500
Double Points Question: For carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, list out the monomer and the bond used to connect monomers.
Carbohydrates: monosaccharides + glycosidic bond. Proteins: amino acids + peptide bonds. Nucleic acids: nucleotides + phosphodiester bonds. Lipids: glycerol/fatty acids + ester bonds.
500
Explain how the binding of a ligand to a g-protein coupled receptor activates target proteins.
Ligand binds to receptor w/ GDP attached to alpha/beta/gamma g-protein; GTP replaces GDP and G-protein changes conformation; alpha subunit and GTP dissociate; activates signal transduction pathway; target proteins activated
500
You have a collection of 2000 butterflies. In this breed you know that blue (B) is dominant to pink (p) and that long (L) is dominant to short (l). You cross a blue, long butterfly that is heterozygous at both loci with a homozygous recessive individual. You observe 150 pink, long butterflies, 850 pink, short butterflies, 150 blue, short butterflies, and 850 blue, long butterflies. Are these genes linked? How far apart are the loci? What is the percent recombination?
Yes, 15 map units, 15% recombination
500
Describe the difference between a fundamental niche and a realized niche.
Fundamental- everywhere and organism could live. Realized niche- where it actually does live due to resource competition, mate competition, strength, etc.
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