Earth
What is the tilt of the Earth?
23.5° degrees
How long is a lunar cycle? (From new moon to new moon)
29.5 days
How hot is the Sun?
5800 K
What two elements are stars made of?
Hydrogen & Helium
What is the order of the planets?
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Where is the Zenith?
Right above your head.
What is the apparent magnitude of the moon?
-12.6
What spectral class is our sun? What color is the sun?
G2 , Green color
What is the brightest star we can see from Earth’s surface?
Sirius
What is necessary for a lunar eclipse? What is necessary for a solar eclipse?
Lunar eclipse needs a full moon with Earth between the Sun and the moon. Solar eclipse needs a new moon that is in between the Sun and Earth.
Why are there seasons on Earth? (three reasons)
The tilt of the axis, elliptical orbit, spin axis of the Earth
What are the reasons for us seeing different phases of the Moon?
The result of the positions of the Earth and Moon with respect to the Sun.
What is the difference between solar flares and prominences?
Solar Flares are eruptions of radiation not actual matter. Prominences are loops of plasma anchored to the sun’s surface.
How many protons get used in the p-p chain? What is the outcome of this nuclear fusion?
6 proton, 1 helium nucleus
What makes Venus special?
Spins backwards, earth’s twin, thick CO2 atmosphere
When are the solstices and equinoxes for the Northern hemisphere?
March 21, June 21, September 21, December 21
What are the phases of the Moon (from beginning to end)?
New, Waxing crescent, First quarter, Waxing gibbous, Full, Waning gibbous, Third quarter, Waning crescent
What is the core temperature of the Sun?
about 13 to 15 million Kelvin
Name of the star group plotted in the middle of the H-R diagram.
Low mass stars
During the Spring Tide, with respect to the Earth, the positions of the Sun and the Moon are:
It does not matter which side of the Earth the Moon and the Sun are, the tidal height are going to be the same either way.
How many zodiac signs are there? How many constellations are there?
BONUS: Name the zodiac signs.
12 zodiac signs & 88 constellations
BONUS: Capricorn, Aquarius, Aries, Pisces, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius
At what time does a full moon rise? Goes to the meridian? And sets?
BONUS: What direction does the moon move to rise and set?
Rise at 6pm, Meridian at 12am, and sets at 6am
BONUS: East to west
Lists the layers of the sun from inside to outside.
BONUS: Which layer is the hottest? What is the temp (K) of this layer?
Core, Radiative Zone, Convection Zone, Photosphere, the Chromosphere, and the Corona.
BONUS: Core, 15 million degrees
Identify where Red Giants, Super Red Giants, and Blue Giants are in the H-R Diagram.
BONUS: What is the X and Y axis for the H-R Diagram?
Red Giants: Upper MIDDLE right , Super Red Giants: Upper right corner, Blue Giants: Upper left corner
BONUS: X is spectral class AND temperature (K) ; Y is absolute magnitude
What is the period of Neptune if it has an AU of 30?
BONUS: What is the gravity force between Neptune and the Sun?
1 AU = 1.5 x 1011 m | M(S) = 2 x 1030 kg | M(N) = 1 x 1026 kg
164.3 years
BONUS: 6.6 x 1020 N