The Cell
Cell Division
Chemistry of Life
Cell Transport
Protein Synthesis
100
What is an organelle?
Structures that perform specific functions for the cell.
100
What is meiosis and mitosis?
Meiosis- reproductive cell division Mitosis- the division of non-gamete producing cells
100
What is an enzyme?
Protein catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.
100
What is the difference between the active and passive processes?
Active- energy input is required for the chemical movement, movement is low to high Passive- chemicals move based on their kinetic energy, movement is high to low
100
What are the two steps of protein synthesis? Location of each.
Transcription- occurs in nucleus Translation- occurs in cytoplasm
200
Name three membrane-bound organelles.
E.R, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosome, Peroxisomes, and/or Mitochondria
200
Name the four consecutive phases of mitosis.
1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase
200
An amino acid has what three structural features in common?
An amino group, a caboxylic group, a side chain (R group)
200
Osmotic gradients can have dramatic effects on cells the three types of solutions are? And explain each.
Hypotonic- lyse the cell Isotonic- no change in the cell Hypertonic- crenation of the cell
200
What are the three types of RNA produced during transcription
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
300
What do Peroxisomes do and what type of organelle are they?
They engage in beta oxidation of fatty acids, membrane-bound organelle
300
Interphase goes through what three phases?
G1, S, G2
300
Name the three main groups of carbohydrates are? And give examples.
Monosaccharides,-simple sugars ex. glucose and fructose Dissacharides- two sugars ex. lactose and sucrose Polysaccharides- many more sugars ex. glycogen, starch, and cellulose.
300
Name the two types of passive processes. Explain each.
Channel mediated diffusion- leaky channel (continuously open), gated channel (usually closed, open in response to stimulus) Carrier- mediated diffusion- certain glucose transport and binding of certain substances cause change in protein shape, release substances on other side of membrane, termed uniporter
300
What are the three events for the processes of translation?
Initiation phase, Elongation phase, and Termination phase.
400
Name three of the non-membrane organelles.
Proteasomes, Nucleolus, Cytoskeleton, and/or Microvilli. Centrioles and are Ribosomes
400
After mitosis, cells finish dividing during ___________.
Cytokineses
400
What does each nucleotide contain?
A nitrogenous base, a five carbon sugar, and a PO4
400
Name the three active processes. Explain each.
Primary active transport- atp is source of energy, phosphorylation, change in protein's shape (sodium and potassium pump) Secondary active transport- ion gradients are source of energy, symporters and antiporters are secondary active transport. Vesicular transport- large molecules can enter (endocytosis) and leave (exocytosis) cells without being broken down.
400
What creates the RNA molecules?
the enzyme RNA polymerase
500
Fill in the blanks: Each chromosome contains DNA combined with _______ proteins to form ________.
histone..chromatin
500
What is it called when the first division of the chromosomes pairs exchange DNA.
Crossing Over
500
Name atleast three of the major classes of lipids.
Steroids- cholestrol, phospholipids, and bile acids. Fatty acids Triglycerides Phospholipids
500
Name the three things that rate of diffusion depends on?
Concentration gradient, Temperature, Membrane surface area, and or Diffusion distance.
500
What is a major way that cells control which proteins get made?
Regulation of transcription
M
e
n
u