🫀🫁comorbid conditions🫀🫁 cardiovascular & respiratory
In these heart dxs alpha 2 agonists are a no no?
These drugs cause a decrease in renal blood flow
These drugs cause decrease in GFR
These drugs cause increase in GFR
1) alpha 2 agonists, inhalants (no nitrous)
2) alpha 2 agonists IM, inhalants (no nitrous)
3) alpha 2 agonists IV, ketamine
What is the monroe-kellie doctrine
What is cushings reflex?
What are the 4 signs of elevated ICP?
What increases CBF? decreases it?
1) only so much volume intracranially. have some spatial compensation before herniating
2)severe increase in ICP, because trying to maintain it lead to reduced cerebral blood flow. to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure=increase MAP - increase intercranial pressure
3) hypertension with reflex bradycardia, cheyne stokes breathing, altereted mentation, absent or abnormal PLRS
4) increase by: hypertension, hypercapnia, hypoxemia, increase CMRO2, increase CVP, inhalants, vasopressors
decreased by-hypotension, hypoventilation, hyperoxia, hypocapnia--> ischemia, decrease cMRO2, sepsis
In Pregnant Pt what happens to Mac requirements? to epidural space? FRC?
Anes concerns (4)
What is ion trapping?
1) mac requirements drop by 30% (more senstive to local anes), epidural space shrinks. FRC shrinks, so can reach not oxygenated state faster.
2) regurg/aspiration, fetal oxygen delivery if hypotension, hypoxemia, fetal drug exposure.
3) ion trapping is when anes drugs cross placental barrier and become ionized and get stuck. opioids and local anes weak bases, ionized in acid environments like the fetus
Min. lab values? additional pending volume?
ANES consequences and complications? (6)
Min: glucose, PCV/TP; chem, CBC
2) physical trauma, capture myopathy, temperature (hypo or hyperthermia), regurg, resp depression & hypoxia, drug side effects,
In these cardiac dxs dissociates and or high doses of dissociatives are a no no?
What is HCM (ketamine), DCM (high doses of), pulmonic stenosis (high doses), systemic hypertension
What is alpha 2 agonists, opioids
To tx cushings reflex what should not be used if the pt is hypovolemic? if the pt is hyponatremic?
speaking of cushings this drug mimics it
1) mannitol, hypertonic saline.
2) alpha 2 agonists
neonatal/pediatric have increased or decrease BBB permeability?
Their CO is SV or HR dependent?
FRC, increased or decreased?
Anes concerns?
2 Drugs to avoid?
Map don't want lower than?
1) increased
2) HR
3) decreased.
4) hypotension, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, hypoventilation, hypoxemia bradycardia,
5) ACE and alpha 2 because of vasodilation and hypotension
6) 50
avian
1) how are premeds give and what is given?
2) on intubation, what position halves their tidal volume? what is unique about their trachea?
3) map may exceed? and how are ECG placed?
4) what is unique about their ecg
1) intranasal-mixazolam, intramuscular-midaz, butorphanol
2) dorsal so avoid this. complete tracheal rings. also preoxygenate
3) 150 mmhg. hypodermic needles through the skin.
4) no q wave records, so rS waves.
In these two respiratory dxs an antiemetic and prokinetic are good and often given?
In these two resp dxs drugs that cause panting are avoided as well as emetic drugs?
In this resp dx doxapram is given in airway exam
What is laryngeal paralysis and BOAS? same for 1 and 2
3 what is laryngeal paralysis?
What is oral valium
This drug is neuroprotective with TBI
2) these drugs decrease CBF and ICP together
What is ketamine
2)prop, alfax, barb and etomidate
geriatric
do they require more or less inhalant?
map want at?
1) less
2) 70
Avian
1) Nsaids?
1) meloxicam
These drugs in cause dose dependent depression, reduced RR and TV?
These drugs cause reduced minute ventilation?
These drugs cause a higher apneic threshold?
What are opioids and induction agents (APE)
What are opioids, and induction agents
What are opioids and inhalants
These drugs require hepatic metabolisms
these drugs reduce hepatic blood flow
1) What is ketamine, alfaxalone IM , barbiturates, bit of propfol
2) alpha 2 agonists, ace, halothane, inhalants
In these two endocrine dx alpha 2 agonists should not be given
in these two endocrine dx no ketamine should be given
DM and insulinoma
2) phenochromocytoma, hyperthryoid (also anticholinergic with hyper)
pheno also no desflurane or morphine or mepridine
obese do they have high or low SNS tone?
frc?
lipid soluble drug considerations?
2) low
3) drops plasma concentration, and acta as depot so prolonged effect
2) large body mass to SA ratio meaning?
3) how injectable anes give?
1) 1/32, vs horse 1/100, dogs 1/1000
2) rapid heat loss
3) IP injections with proper restraint. into peritoneum, tilt down while on back while scruffed.
This drug causes peripheral vasodilation and reduced afterload?
this drug causes peripheral vasoconstriction initially and then reflex brady cardia
this drug causes SNS stimulation
1) what is acepromazine?
2) what is alpha 2 agonists
3) what is ketamine
In PSS it can lead to? aka what are we concerned about? What two drugs do we look at using?
what is hepatic encephalopathy.
BP support
-gaba increasedà cns depression comma, glutamateàsx
PSS-high Ba and ammnoia, guac low.
What are the components of thyroid storm?
Nsaids would not be given with the endocrine dx
etomidate is not given in this endocrine dx
Thyroid storm: tachycardia, hypertension, dysrhythmias, pyrexia, shock
cushings
addisons
dosing for these drugs should be estimated to lean weight for?
** What is contraindicated in rabbits
*** in ferrets what has a longer half-life in males?
Where are rabbits catheterized? in rats?
is box/mask induction your go to for induction?
1) what is telazol
2) what is meloxicam
3) what is ear; tail. in rabbit also monitor BP in ear is gold standard.
4) no, last resort