Surveillance
Who should report all outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis, including suspected outbreaks of norovirus, to the appropriate state, local, or territorial health department
Health Care Providers
What was the likely cause of the outbreak
Berries used in the smoothie
What Norovirus genogroups infect humans
Genogroup GI, GII, and GIV
What public health agency conducts environmental assessments
FDA
Isolate infected patients for a minimum of ___ hours
48
What kind of surveillance method was used in this outbreak
Passive Surveillance
What symptoms indicate Norovirus is the pathogen
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
What is the most effective way to test for Norovirus
RT- PCR assay
What kind of study was used in this outbreak
Cohort Study
What foods/drinks associated with Norovirus should people avoid
Raw foods/shellfish, vegetables, berries, and public water
What is the National norovirus laboratory surveillance network of federal, state, and local public laboratories in the US. They started this program to look for different genotypes in the Norovirus disease.
Calcinet
Who is most likely to blame for the outbreak
The catering company who prepared the smoothies
What is the full name of the RT-PCR Assay
Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction
What are the 5 steps in order, taken to conduct an environmental investigation
1) Planning/preparation, 2) site visit, 3) assess information, 4) identify potential preventive control strategies, 5) complete investigation report
What does PPE stand for and why is it used
Personal Protective Equipment and is used to reduce the risk of exposure to the disease
What goal does the Norovirus Sentinel Testing and Tracking (NoroSTAT) Network work towards
To establish and maintain standard practices for Norovirus outbreaks
Why did the disease spread so rapidly through both the teams
The infectious dose is so small that the close contact made the disease very contagious
What does RT-PCR Assays test for
RNA of the virus in stool, vomit, water
What public places have the highest risk of having Norovirus
Cruise ships, schools, nursing homes, restaurants
What reporting system was Started in 2009 is used to collect information on foodborne, waterborne, and gastrointestinal diseases that spread from human-to-human, animals, environmental surfaces, and other unknown ways
NORS- National Outbreak Reporting System
What is the case definition
People who played in the soccer game between Delaware and Hofstra on September 12, 2008 who have shown signs of diarrhea and vomiting beginning within 24 hours of consuming berries
To Run the test you use a positive control sample from 2 seperate groups. The positive control sample for group 1was the stool from someone who was voluntarily infected. Who would be the positive control be for group 2?
Someone who was involved in the actual outbreak
What is the most important prevention step associated with Norovirus
Wash hands thoroughly