Graded Potentials
Graded potentials occur in these specific parts of a neuron
What are the dendrites and cell body/soma
This term described the period when a neuron cannot fire another action potential until voltage-gated Na+ channels are reset
What is absolute refractory period
The small gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons
What is the synaptic cleft
This area, located in the temporal lobe, is essential for understanding spoken and written language
What is the Wernicke's Area
The type of summation that results from multiple graded potentials arriving at the same time from different locations
What is spacial summation
This is the typical resting membrane potential of a neuron
What is -70mV
The most common neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction
What is acetylcholine (ACh)
Damage to this frontal lobe area results in difficulty producing speech but not understanding it
What is the Broca's area
Graded potentials that depolarize the membrane and bring it closer to threshold are called this
What are excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)
The gaps in the myelin sheath where action potentials are regenerated
What are nodes of Ranvier
Neurotransmitters are taken back into the presynaptic neuron through this process
What is reuptake
This region of the temporal lobe plays a key role in memory and emotional responses
What is the limbic association area
Graded potentials that do not reach this specific level will not trigger an action potential
What is the threshold potential
During this phase, potassium ions exit the cell, restoring the membrane potential
What is repolarization
This is the first step in the transmission of a signal at a chemical synapse
What is the arrival of an action potential at the presynaptic cell
This area spans the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, integrating sensory information for complex perceptions
What is the posterior association area
This ion typically moves into the cell during excitatory graded potentials, causing depolarization
What is sodium (Na+)
This period follows repolarization, where the membrane potential temporarily drops below the resting value
What is hyperpolarization
The influx of this ion into the presynaptic neuron triggers the release of neurotransmitters
What is calcium (Ca2+)
This area is involved in working memory, judgement, and reasoning
What is the anterior association area