Meiosis
one or more alternative forms of a gene
What is an allele?
a crucial enzyme that transcribes genetic information from DNA into RNA by synthesizing an RNA strand from a DNA template
What is RNA Polymerase?
The allele combination an organism has for a trait.
What is a genotype?
This enzyme unzips the DNA double helix at the origin of replication.
What is Helicase?
The observable traits produced by gene expression.
What is phenotype?
Meiosis produces these types of cells.
What are gametes?
1. Replicating itself to carry information between generations
2.Providing the information to carry out all functions of life
What are the two main functions of DNA?
In this inheritance pattern, two alleles are both fully and separately expressed.
What is Codominance?
The site on DNA where transcription begins.
What is the promoter?
DNA has a structure known as a double helix, resembling a twisted ladder, having to stands that run _______.
What is antiparallel?
This event in Prophase I increases genetic variation by swapping DNA between homologous chromosomes.
What is crossing over?
This process removes introns and connects exons in eukaryotic pre-mRNA.
What is RNA splicing?
genes are located on the X chromosome, and their inheritance patterns differ between males (XY) and females (XX)
What are X-linked genes?
These fragments are made on the lagging strand because DNA polymerase can only build 5'→3'.
What are Okazaki Fragments?
the phenotypic expression of a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus.
What is Epistasis?
The random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs during Metaphase I is called ____.
What is Independent assortment?
This type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
What is tRNA?
This type of cross looks at the inheritance of two traits at the same time and typically uses a 4×4 Punnett square.
What is a Dihybrid cross?
This enzyme replaces RNA primers with DNA nucleotides.
What is DNA polymerase?
states that the two alleles for a heritable character segregate (separate) during gamete production and end up in different gametes.
What is Mendel's Law of Segregation?
Failure of chromosomes to separate properly—leading to gametes with extra or missing chromosomes—is called this.
What is non-disjunction?
Noncoding segments of nucleotides called intervening region that lie between coding regions.
What are introns?
A cross between individuals heterozygous for two traits (AaBb × AaBb) has this phenotypic ratio.
What is 9:3:3:1
produces Okazaki fragments on the 5’ to 3’ template.
What is Discontinuous synthesis?
When a heterozygous individual shows the dominant phenotype, this term describes the allele that is masked.
What is a Recessive allele?