This was the decisive advantage that allowed Europe to colonize the Americas instead of Africans, Indians, or Chinese.
What is geography (proximity)?
100
Although the peasants were inspired by his teachings, this religious leader did not support the 100,000 peasants who died in the Peasants' War. Rather, he supported the nobility.
Who was Martin Luther?
100
What we do in life, and acceptance of how things are, were given a religious importance and this name by Luther.
What is a "calling" (vocation)?
100
This contemporary term for Arabs, Jews, and others from the Middle East was derived from the name of one of Noah's sons.
What is "Semite"?
200
John Calvin's teachings were especially popular with this social class in Europe.
What is the middle class?
200
These are the two most prominent forms of capital (or profits) coming to Europe from the Americas.
What are gold/silver (precious metals) and slavery (plantation products)?
200
This religious leader taught that the righteous may rightly rebel against an ungodly ruler.
Who was John Calvin?
200
Weber wrote that the protestant ethic viewed this as an end in itself.
What is work?
200
"Death of a Miser" and other similar paintings pointed to the danger of this sin.
What is greed?
300
This was viewed by Calvinists as being a sign of God's blessings, the possession of which was proof that one was a member of "the elect".
What is wealth?
300
Due to the long co-evolutionary period between humans and the germs of domesticated animals like pigs and cows, Europeans had, and Native Americans had not, developed this.
What is resistance/immunity?
300
This mode of production was ended by the Thirty Years' War.
What is feudalism?
300
Wealth was not to be enjoyed for pleasure, but to be used for this.
What is investment?
300
The Treaty of Augsburg involved Emperor Charles granting this to protestant princes.
What is religious freedom?
400
According to early protestants, "idle hands" were these.
What are the devil's playthings.
400
The primary geographical argument in favor of capital from the Americas spurring the growth of capitalism in Europe is that this growth was initially concentrated here.
What are maritime cities?
400
These were the two groups of combatants in the Thirty Years' War.
What are the Evangelical Union and the Catholic League?
400
While Marx focused on the economic and material rationale behind capitalism, Weber focused on this.
What is the psychological/subjective/spirit of capitalism?
400
This bible story was used by Calvin to justify his teachings on wealth, contradicting as they did much of the rest of the New Testament.
What is the parable of the talents?
500
The Treaty of Westphalia declared that each nation had to have one of these, and its rulers must be a member.
What is a permanent national religion?
500
The primary chronological argument in favor of capital from the Americas spurring the growth of capitalism in Europe is that this growth really took off in this century, and not before.
What is the 16th century (1500s)?
500
This event instituted the modern scheme of independent nation-states with their own borders, rulers, nationalities, and religions.
What is the Peace of Westphalia (1648)?
500
This term meaning an extremely strong religious devotion, while common to Catholicism and to various sects of Protestantism, is practiced in very different ways between the two.