The Earth´s Movements
How many time zones are there on Earth?
24
The crust and the upper mantle form which layer of Earth?
The lithosphere
Explain the total composition of Earth´s water?
97% salt water and 3% freshwater
Weather- the condition of the atmosphere in a particular place, at a specific point in time (scientific term is meteorology)
Climate- the pattern of weather conditions in a place, over a long period of time, usually decades (scientific study of climate is called climatology)
Define the Earth´s rotation and revolution.
Rotation- when the Earth spins on its axis.
Revolution- when the Earth orbits the sun.
Explain continental drift.
A phenomenon in which convection currents cause Earth´s plates to move around on the mantle.
What is impermeable and permeable rock?
Impermeable rock- means more water will flow across the surface and into the river
Permeable rock- allows water to seep through it, so it becomes part of groundwater flow
What kind of natural disaster is common in Ohio? There are drills for this type of disaster in all schools in Ohio.
Tornadoes.
Define latitude and longitude.
Latitude- distance in degrees north or south from the Equator
Longitude- distance in degrees east or west from the Greenwich Meridian
Volcanoes can form on or near to _____________, although they can also form at ___________.
(What two places can volcanoes usually form?)
Plate boundaries, hotspots
Explain two types of water hazards and where they occur?
Floods- are responsible for 40% of human loss caused by natural hazards, almost always occur at riverbanks or coastlines
Droughts- the result of significant decreases in rainfall and can lead to something called desertification
What is the AEMET and what does it stand for?
Agencia Estatal de Meteorología- responsible for studying weather and climate using a network of weather stations and observations.
What are meridians, what is the main parallel called?
The imaginary lines we draw from the North Pole to the South Pole. The Greenwich Meridian is the main meridian.
When does a Karst relief form and what landforms can they create? (Give at least two landforms).
Forms when water dissolves through permeable rock. Can create canyons and sinkholes, or caves.
Explain the 3 main types of seas.
Continental seas- connect to an ocean through a strait (narrow passage of water that connects two seas or a sea and an ocean)
Coastal seas- are part of an ocean
Inland seas- do not connect with any ocean and they're actually large saltwater lakes
What do each of these things measure?
1) Thermometers
2) Sunshine recorders
3) Rain gauges
4) Anemometers
5) Weather vanes
6) Barometers
1) Thermometers- temperature
2) Sunshine recorders- hours of sunlight
3) Rain gauges- precipitation
4) Anemometers- wind speed
5) Weather vanes- wind direction
6) Barometers- atmospheric pressure
Why do we have a leap year?
Because, a complete revolution takes 365 days and 6 hours. We have the leap year to correct this difference.
When does a Fluvial relief form and what landforms can they create?
(Name at least 2 landforms)
Forms when the moving water of rivers erode rock. Can create V-shaped valleys, river terraces, or meanders.
Explain all of the steps of the water cycle.
Evaporation- heat causes water to change from liquid into gas and water vapor
Condensation- as water vapor rises, it cools. Water changes from gas into liquid again and becomes droplets
Precipitation- as droplets join together, they get heavier and fall back down to Earth´s surface as rain or snow.
Surface runoff- excess water prom precipitation and snowmelt that flows over Earth´s surface
Infiltration- process in which excess water filters through small holes and cracks in rock and collects as groundwater
Groundwater flow- circulation of water below Earth´s surface
What are anticyclones and depressions and how do we represent each of them on maps?
Anticyclones- high-pressure areas that have higher than average atmospheric pressure, represented with an H.
Depressions- low-pressure areas that have lower than average atmospheric pressure, represented with an L.