Protozoan
What is the life cycle of T. gondii?
Sporozite > Tachyzoite > Bradyzoite > Unsportulated cysts
the degree at which something causes harm
Name the different neurotoxins.
Botulism, Tetanus
What are the NONSPECIFIC resistant mechanisms of the body?
What will an increase in bifidobacteria do to someone who is changing their high fat diet?
reduce inflammation, improve glucose tolerance, reduce gut leakiness
What protozoan is found in warm water and eats the brain?
Naegleria fowleri
What are the 2 bacterial toxins?
Endotoxins and Exotoxins
Describe the mechanisms of A-B toxins.
A - action part and does the damage, B - binds to a receptor on the cell
What are the two types of specific immunity?
Natural and artificial
Why are emulsifiers bad?
They effect the mucus layer and can cause stomach ulcers
What four species of Plasmodium spp infect humans?
P. falciparum, P. malaria, P. ovale, P. vivax
What are some characteristics of endotoxins?
Inside, produced by gram negative bacteria, internal and part of cell membrane
What is an example of cytotoxins?
Diphtheria toxin
What do toll-like receptors do?
involved in bacterial recognition by sensing the bacterium's flagellin
What is autoimmune uvetis caused by?
caused by a disbiotic gut activating t cells that attack retinal cells
What is the life cycle of Plasmodium spp: Marlaria?
Sporozoite > Gametocyte > Macrogametocyte > Ookinete > Oocyst
What are some characteristics of exotoxins?
produced in cell and then released out, mostly produced by gram positive bacteria, act at specific sites
Describe the different types of botulism
food poisoning, Avian botulism, wound botulism, botox
What happens when you have a high-fat diet?
overgrowth of microorganisms, increases H2S, breakdown of mucus membranes, decrease in bifidobacteria, increase LPS in plasma
What does fiber do?
decreases inflammatory response
Give examples of endotoxins.
Neurotoxins, Cytotoxins, Enterotoxins
Enterotoxins do what to the intestines?
Salt in intestines which then fills with a lot of water = watery diarrhea
What can probiotics do for your gut?
can help with microbe behavior and gut issues, increases bifidobacteria in gut
Can a dramatic shift in diet change the microbial response dramatically?
YES