Final Review

Solutions

100

Based on Reference Table F, which of these saturated solutions has the lowest concentration of dissolved ions?                           

A) NaCl_(aq)

B) AgCl_(aq)

C) NiCl_2(aq) 

D) MgCl_2(aq)

B) AgCl(aq)

200

Which substance is an electrolyte?

A) C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

B) C₆H₁₂O₆

C) CH₃COOH 

D) C₂H₅OH    

C) CH₃COOH

300

List three factors that would influence the rate of dissolving

Temperature

Mixing/agitating

surface area

400

Based on Reference Table G, a solution of NaNO 3 that contains 120 grams of solute dissolved in 100 grams of H₂O at 50^oC is best described as

​A) supersaturated and dilute
B) saturated and concentrated
C) supersaturated and concentrated
D) saturated and dilute​​

C) supersaturated and concentrated

500

As the temperature increases from 0^oC to 25^oC the amount of NH₃ that can be dissolved in 100 grams of water

​​​A) decreases by 40 grams
B) decreases by 10 grams
C) increases by 40 grams
D) increases by 10 grams​​​

A) decreases by 40 grams

Kinetics

100

What is necessary in oder to have an effective collision?

Enough energy and proper orientation

200

Name at least 4 ways to affect the rate of reaction

Concentration

Catalyst/inhibitor

Temperature

Pressure (gas)

Nature of reactants

Surface area

300

Describe how to calculate heat of reaction

Heat of products - Heat of reactants

400

Given the reaction: A+B --> C+D

The reaction will most likely occur at the greatest rate if A and B represent                          

A)  ionic compounds in the solid phase
B)  solutions of ionic compounds
C)  solutions of nonpolar molecular compounds D)  nonpolar molecular compounds in the solid phase​

B)  solutions of ionic compounds

500

Sketch an endothermic curve and label the activated complex.

Drawing to be evaluated by teacher.

Equilibrium

100

At equilibrium, what is true about the rates of the forward and reverse reactions?

They are equal

200

What are the three stresses that can effect the equilibrium of a reaction?

Temperature

Concentration

Pressure

300

Given the reaction at equilibrium:

N_2(g)+3H_2(g)<-->2NH_3(g)+22kcal

Name a stress that would cause an equilibrium shift to the left

increase Temp.

Increase [NH₃]

Decrease [N₂] or [H₂]

400

The solid and liquid phases of water can exist in a state of equilibrium at 1 atmosphere of pressure and a temperature of

0^oC or 273 K

500

Which equilibrium constant indicates an equilibrium mixture that consists largely of products?

A) 1 x 10⁰

B) 2 X 10¹⁰

C) 3 x 10^-14

D) 4 x 10^-23

B) 2 X 10¹⁰

Acids,Bases, and Salts.

100

An Arrhenius base yields which ion as the only negative ion in an aqueous solution?

Hydroxide ion (OH^-)

200

HCl_(g)+H₂O_(l) -->H₃O_(aq)⁺+Cl_(aq)^-

Which reactant acted as a Brönsted-Lowry acid? and why.

HCl because it donated a proton

300

H₂PO₄^- + H₂O <-> H₃PO₄ + OH^-

Name both conjugate acid base pairs

H₂PO₄^- and H₃PO₄

H₂O and OH^-

400

When an acid is exactly neutralized by a base, what can be said about the concentration of hydroonium vs the concentration of hydroxide?

[H₃O⁺] = [OH^-]

500

In neutralization, what are the reactants? What are the products?

Acid + Base --> Salt + Water

misc.

100

Which compound is least soluble in water at 60. °C?     

​​​​​A) NaCl
B) NH₄Cl
C) KClO₃

D) KNO₃             

C) KClO₃

200

What are the three types of equilibrium?

Phase

Chemical

Solution

300

What conditions are required for a spontaneous reaction?

exothermic reaction

increase in entropy

400

As additional KNO_3(s) is added to a saturated solution of KNO₃ at constant temperature, the concentration of the solution

A) decreases
B) increases
C) remains the same

C) remains the same

500

Which type of reaction is represented by the following equation?  (Be specific)                        

Al₂S₃ + 6H₂O -->2Al(OH)₃ + 3H₂S

    

Hydrolysis